Genetic Basis and Novel Treatment Strategies in Parkinson's Disease – A Review

Nagare Santosh Gangadhar

doi:10.31531/2581-3080.1000150

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the 2nd most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Approximately 60000 are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease each year and more than 10 million people are living with PD. PD is a neurodegenerative disorder in addition to the causes of PD are so many, it's not caused by a single pathophysiologic disturbance. So many drugs are available to treat PD but all are only for symptomatic relief no one drug is a disease-modifying agent. Although so many targets are available for targeting the Synuclein alpha, mitochondrial oxidative stress, autophagy, targeting glial cell inflammation, targeting metal ion homeostasis. But till now no one drug is successful in targeting these targets. In this review, we have summarized the genetic basis and novel targets available for the disease-modifying strategy for PD.

Highlights

Genetic Basis of Parkinson DiseaseMutation in PRKN, PINK1 and PARK7(1) PRKN- Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have 2 copies of mutated genes through autosomal recessive inheritance [1]
PRKN, provides instruction for the making of PARKIN protein and this parkin protein is responsible for the degradation of unwanted protein which is no longer involved in cell survival
Parkin plays important role in the proper functioning of mitochondria, it protects the mtDNA from oxidative stress it enhances the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the ROS production from neurons [2]

Summary

Introduction

Genetic Basis of Parkinson DiseaseMutation in PRKN, PINK1 and PARK7 (autosomal recessive)(1) PRKN- Individuals with PD have 2 copies of mutated genes through autosomal recessive inheritance [1]. PRKN (location chromosome 6), provides instruction for the making of PARKIN protein and this parkin protein is responsible for the degradation of unwanted protein which is no longer involved in cell survival. Parkin plays important role in the proper functioning of mitochondria, it protects the mtDNA from oxidative stress it enhances the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing the ROS production from neurons [2]. LRRK2 Provides instructions for protein dardarin and dardarin is important for cell functioning.

Results

Conclusion