Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Electron Beam and Gamma Ray Induced Mutants for Superior Battering Quality Trait and MYMV in Urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.)

Abstract

Background: A systematic investigation of the induced mutagenesis in Urdbean was attempted with cultivars viz., MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4 to generate superior battering quality varieties. Induced mutation is proven as an applicable breeding method to build variation in plant materials. In this study, 40 Urdbean genotypes including thirty eight mutants of two promising Urdbean varieties namely MDU1 and VBN (Bg) 4 and two parental genotypes were involved for quality analysis. One of the most dangerous diseases in legumes is Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV). In legume, this virus causes enormous losses in the areas of Urdbean cultivation. The prevailing varieties are partially resistant to this virus. Hence, the paramount approach to control this disease is breeding for resistance or tolerance to this disease. There is a necessity of searching the sources of disease resistance. In this study, screening of the mutants was conducted to make out the source of resistance to this disease.Methods: The nutritional characters viz., albumin, globulin and total soluble protein along with biochemical analysis of battering quality through Arabinose estimation were analyzed to find out the quality characters of the mutants. Batter volume analysis from idli batter was conducted conducted. Scoring of disease severity was done for all the plants on 50th day on the basis of visual scoring. The disease was scored on a 1-9 arbitrary scale. For biochemical characterization for this disease estimation of total phenol content, total sugars and phytic acid was executed.Result: Based on the general performance of albumin content, globulin content, total soluble protein, arabinose content, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant, the mutant lines viz., ACM-014-021, ACM-015-015, ACM-15-023, ACM-015-013, ACM-015-003, ACM-015-030, ACM-014-006, ACM-014-007 were recognized as the best. Hence these mutant lines could be exploited directly in the breeding programme to develop superior battering quality Urdbean varieties. Based on over all mean performance of important batter volume characters viz., initial batter volume analysis, final batter volume, improved batter volume, arabinose content and single plant yield the mutant lines ACM-15-015, ACM-015-030, ACM-015-003, ACM-015-023 were identified to be superior in terms of yield, arabinose content and batter volume. The mutant lines viz., ACM-014-021, ACM-015-025, ACM-014-006, ACM-015-022, ACM -015-023, ACM-014-019, ACM-014-007, ACM-015-017, ACM-014- 003 and VBN (Bg) 4 were recognized as resistant to MYMV. These lines had higher total phenol, phytic acid content and less total sugar content in the leaves when compared with the highly susceptible mutant lines. The present study indicated that phytic acid content recorded highly significant positive correlation with total phenol. Based on the per se performance for all the characters studied viz., seed batter analysis, seed volume analysis and MYMV scoring, the mutant lines viz., ACM-014-021, ACM-015-23, ACM-015-030, were judged as the best and could be exploited directly or in breeding experiments for improving yield along with batter quality.