Abstract
Twenty-eight isozymic loci were studied in the Beskid Mts., in four populations of common silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em>): one in Beskid Makowski (BM) and three populations in Beskid Sądecki (BS). Their genetic variation and diversity were analyzed, and Nei's genetic distances between the populations were calculated. The results show that the geographical distance between the BM population and the three BS populations is reflected in genetic distances. The BM population is clearly distinct from the others. It has the lowest genetic diversity (<em>I</em> = <em>0.42</em>), percentage of polymorphic loci <em>(%PoL </em>= <em>64.29</em>) and number of rare alleles (<em>NoRa </em>= <em>5</em>). Besides, the BM population has the highest observed heterozygosity (<em>Ho </em>= <em>0.291</em>), which exceeds the expected heterozygosity (<em>He </em>= <em>0.254</em>), estimated on the basis of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. On the contrary, BS populations are in the state of equilibrium, which is manifested, in similar values of <em>He </em>= <em>0.262 </em>and <em>Ho </em>= <em>0.264</em>.
Highlights
The six-hundred-kilometer chain of the Beskid Mountains forms the northern part of the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech territory across Poland and Ukraine
The entire Beskids are an area of natural appearance of the silverfir, which reaches out far to the north of the Beskids, entering the area of the Carpathian Uplands, wiêtokrzyskie Mountains and southern Polands uplands up to the Bia3owie¿a Primeval Forest (Mejnartowicz 1996)
One population Ukleina came from the Makowski Beskid (BM), and the other three Kamieniec, Przysietnica, £omnica from the S1decki Beskid
Summary
The six-hundred-kilometer chain of the Beskid Mountains forms the northern part of the Carpathians, stretching from the Czech territory across Poland and Ukraine. The western arm of the Carpathian arc is formed by the group of mountain chains called Western Beskids. They are separate, unconnected ranges, built from soft rocks of the Carpathian flysch, with gentle slopes and summits. The particular chains are separated by deep valleys formed during the last glaciation. This type of orographic formation of the Beskids causes differentiation in plant populations. The silver-fir appears on the entire area of the Sudeten, entering into the area mountains of Saxony. There is, an anthropogenic disjunction in the silver-fir population range, resulting from the negligent forestry in the 19th and 20th centuries
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