Abstract
A series of glycoproteins and glycolipids on red blood cell surface constitute blood group antigens. These are AB, A, B and O in ABO blood group system and Rh in rhesus blood group system. A total of 1065 unrelated Backward Caste (OBC) individuals from Uttar Pradesh were studied for the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups. Total 1065 samples analyzed, phenotype B blood type has the highest frequency 36.81% (n=392), followed by O (32.68%; n=348), A (23.66%; n=252) and AB (6.85%; n=73). The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood groups were B>O>A>AB. The allelic frequencies of O, A, and B alleles were 0.5819, 0.1674 and 0.2506 respectively. Out of total 1065 samples, 1018 (95.59%) samples were Rh-positive and 47 (4.41%) were Rh-negative. Phenotypic frequency of Rh-negative in Koari, Yadav, Kurmi and Maurya samples were 0.99%, 4%, 1.4% and 7.6% respectively.
Highlights
The ABO blood group system is the most clinically important blood group system because antibodies against A or B or both antigens are naturally present in the serum of persons whose red cells express blood group B, A, or O
The ABO antigens were originally found on red cells (Landsteiner, 1990), but later they were found on the surface of various types of cells as well as in secretions (Davidson and Stejskal, 1962)
Blood samples were taken by finger pricks from 1065 unrelated individuals of both sexes of OBC population, and open slide method of ABO blood groups testing was followed (Bhasin and Chahal, 1996)
Summary
The ABO blood group system is the most clinically important blood group system because antibodies against A or B or both antigens are naturally present in the serum of persons whose red cells express blood group B, A, or O. The ABO incompatible transfusions are potentially fatal. It follows that universal blood typing with DNA-based methods alone cannot be considered in the absence of a totally robust method for predicting ABO phenotype. The molecular basis of the ABO blood group system was elucidated in 1900. Landsteiner (1900) has discovered three different blood types (A, B, and O) of this ABO blood group system. The ABO antigens were originally found on red cells (Landsteiner, 1990), but later they were found on the surface of various types of cells as well as in secretions (Davidson and Stejskal, 1962)
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