Abstract
The transitions in air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) are studied here for millimetre-wave applications. A good design of an air-filled SIW (AFSIW) must allow for minimum losses in its interconnects between the air-filled and dielectric-filled regions of the SIW. This paper assesses the influence of the geometry of transition taper in an AFSIW on the return and insertion losses using full-wave analysis of a complete AFSIW structure. The data from the return and transmission losses provide a basis in the optimisation of the design of the transition tapers. The optimisation approach uses the multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) with full-wave analysis to find an optimum profile of the transition. Defining the profile of the transition taper with a clamped cubic spline as a phenotype, the developed procedure shows that further losses are possible within the prescribed frequency bands. Furthermore, the length of the transition taper can be significantly reduced while maintaining an optimal quality of signal transmission in the transition. The simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed strategy where the optimal taper geometry is shown to provide a wider band of operating frequencies with lower return loss compared to a more established taper geometry.
Highlights
Since its inception about 15 years ago, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is gaining more attention as a solution to an ever-increasing need of millimetre-wave devices to meet the demand for ubiquitous wireless networking
RESEARCH METHOD An early proposal of realising a hollow region between the SIW sidewalls is based on a conventional printed circuit board (PCB) process using three layers of the dielectric substrate, where the core is removed by a specific width and shape between the metallic vias and is sandwiched between a pair of copper laminates [6]
We further develop the taper designs in [12] by defining the shape of the transition taper with the clamped cubic spline function in order to optimize the transition losses
Summary
Since its inception about 15 years ago, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is gaining more attention as a solution to an ever-increasing need of millimetre-wave devices to meet the demand for ubiquitous wireless networking. SIW devices enable fabrication of a complete circuit including planar circuitry, transitions, rectangular waveguides, active components, and antennas in planar form using common planar processing techniques [1,2,3,4,5]. Various components based on the SIW technology have been proposed and applied in the recent years for operation in the microwave and millimetre-wave range, including filters, couplers, oscillators, slot-array antennas, six-port circuits, and circulators. One of the major issues in the design of SIW components is related to the minimization of losses, especially when operating in the millimetre-wave frequency range [6]. The dielectric loss is typically the most significant contribution to losses in the millimetre-wave frequency range [6]
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