Genesis of cultural landscape

Abstract

The article highlights that the modern idea of the cultural landscape is ambiguous. Today, there are three fundamentally different interpretations of the term "cultural landscape", based on different dominant factors: natural, cultural or information environment. Thus, some researchers adhere to the traditional approach and define a cultural landscape as an anthropogenic landscape, i.e. a natural landscape of a place, changed by a person according to a certain programme, which has high aesthetic and functional qualities. The other approach is based on the understanding of a cultural landscape as a certain area that has been a place of residence for a certain group of people who are carriers of specific cultural values for a long historical period. Most often, these groups are ethnic or religious communities. There is also an understanding of this term as an informational one, based on the idea of the active role of intellectual and spiritual activity in shaping the cultural landscape; it is important to emphasize that cultural, spiritual and intellectual values that are preserved and transmitted from one generation of people to another in the form of information not only determine the formation and development of the cultural landscape, but are also part of it, being influenced by other, material components of the landscape. The complexity and ambiguity of the modern world determines a certain attitude towards the environment, requiring a new understanding and comprehension of it. Architecture and urban planning is a field that covers all manifestations of human activity, where the most important thing is that it is a space for modeling the artificial environment, which is an integral part of the holistic world. The environment is a holistic, organized space that constantly surrounds a person, with the help of architecture actively and constantly influencing the unified process of forming this twofold structure (the architectural environment models the natural one, combining into a single whole). By creating an artificial environment for human life, architecture has a multifaceted impact on people, with the strongest influence being through visual perception, as human activity is always associated with different forms of perception of the environment. A work of architecture is an idea (something fictional, imaginary) that is "dressed" in a material form in the real space of the city and reproduces the world and its structure, a mechanism for translating myths and fictions caused by modern conditions into the physical dimension, where fictions become reality through the play of forms, images and meanings.