Abstract
The paper presents some of the results of the static and dynamic force measurements at 100 nN to sub-10 µN ranges which are generated due the photon-momentum. The force sensor with resolution about 20 nN and operating in differential measurement mode is developed by two electromagnetic force compensation balances. In order to generate these calibration forces, CW lasers with different operational modes, power levels, and wavelengths are used. Multi-reflection configuration of the laser beam inside the macroscopic cavity with highly reflective mirrors are used to test and variate the total amount of the forces.
Highlights
The use of photon momentum to determine the optical power of lasers or to generate precision/calibration small forces [1, 2, 3] has made important progress, especially for the measurements of optical laser power at kilowatt levels [4]
The standard uncertainty of the optical power measurements using the calibrated reference standard detector was 0.3 %. In this particular case, the mean value of the measured forces in comparison to the value calculated theoretically differs by 1.07 %, from all measurements this difference is within 3 %. With these measurements at 10 W level using well established methods from mass/force metrology we demonstrate that upon the increase of the input power entering to the optical cavity and the number of reflections, the resulting uncertainties of generated small force values or vice versa the measurements of the input optical power can markedly be reduced
By collecting more experimental evidence at the edge of the small force measurements in static and dynamic regimes, improving the accuracy of the measurements, and eliminating further the systematic errors associated with the measurements, the photon momentum-based force generation can serve more as a superior method for obtaining accurate measurement of small forces below 10 μN through the traceable optical power measurements
Summary
The use of photon momentum to determine the optical power of lasers or to generate precision/calibration small forces [1, 2, 3] has made important progress, especially for the measurements of optical laser power at kilowatt levels [4]. The measuring principle is based on the measurement of the force which is exerted due to the transfer of the photon momentum upon reflection of the radiant power from a highly reflective mirror. With the usage of single- and multi-reflection configurations, a possible standard for the force calibration routine, or reversed, standard for the optical (laser) power calibration routine with direct and more simplified traceable chain to the recently renewed SI base units [2, 5, 6] was already established
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