Abstract
In this work we investigate the possibility of generation of primordial magnetic field in the early universe near the QCD phase transition epoch via the collapse of Z(3) domains. The Z(3) domain walls arise in the deconfined phase of the QCD (above Tsim 200 MeV) and their collapse leads to a net quark concentration near the wall boundary due to non-trivial reflection of quarks. We look at the response of leptons to this quark excess and find that leptons do not cancel the electric charge concentration due to the quarks. The wall collapse and a net charge concentration can lead to the generation of vorticity and turbulence in the primordial plasma. We estimate the magnitude of the magnetic field generated and find that it can be quite large mathcal {O}(10^{15-18}mathrm {G}). The mechanism is independent of the order of the QCD phase transition.
Highlights
The Universe has a rich thermal history and each of the stage can provide us the seed required to produce the observed magnetic field
Our proposal for an alternate mechanism for the magnetic field generation is through the collapse of closed domain walls in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase of QCD
We look at the response of the leptons to this baryon excess and find that leptons do not cancel this net electric charge concentration
Summary
The Universe has a rich thermal history and each of the stage can provide us the seed required to produce the observed magnetic field. Our proposal for an alternate mechanism for the magnetic field generation is through the collapse of closed domain walls in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase of QCD. An important point to note is that this mechanism does not depend on the order of the QCD phase transition as the domain walls are present in the QGP phase of the system and are not a result of the Q–H transition. A similar effect is expected in the case of electro-weak phase transition in presence of magnetic field [26,27] In such a situation it is quite possible that all the possibilities mentioned above are realised in the early universe near the Q–H transition. Since the collapse of the domain walls happen before the quark hadron phase transition, the magnetic field is generated in the quark gluon plasma epoch.
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