Generation of carbon nano-onions by laser irradiation of gaseous hydrocarbons for high durability catalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are promising zero emission power sources that typically use precious noble metals such as platinum as catalysts. Due to the expensive catalyst material costs, the durability of catalyst support material is vital PEMFC systems. Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are spherical multi-shelled fullerenes that have higher quality graphitic layers with less defects, leading to better resistance to carbon corrosion. Here, we show that CNOs produced by laser pyrolysis can be used instead of commonly used carbon black, Vulcan XC-72, as the catalyst support material. Both cells have similar initial performance, but CNO based cell is better able to maintain power output in harsh operating conditions.