Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), classical swine fever (CSF), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated disease (PCVAD) are economically important infectious diseases of pigs. Co-infections of these diseases often occur in the field, posing significant threat to the swine industry worldwide. gE/gI/TK-gene-deleted vaccines are safe and capable of providing full protection against PR. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 glycoprotein is mainly used in the development of CSF vaccines. PCV2 capsid (Cap) protein is the major antigen targeted for developing PCV2 subunit vaccines. Multivalent vaccines, and especially virus-vectored vaccines expressing foreign proteins, are attractive strategies to fight co-infections for various swine diseases. The gene-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV) can be used to develop promising and economical multivalent live virus-vectored vaccines. Herein, we constructed a gE/gI/TK-gene-deleted PRV co-expressing E2 of CSFV and Cap of PCV2 by fosmid library platform established for PRV, and the expression of E2 and Cap proteins was confirmed using immunofluorescence assay and western blotting. The recombinant virus propagated in porcine kidney 15 (PK-15) cells for 20 passages was genetically stable. The evaluation results in rabbits and pigs demonstrate that rPRVTJ-delgE/gI/TK-E2-Cap elicited detectable anti-PRV antibodies, but not anti-PCV2 or anti-CSFV antibodies. These findings provide insights that rPRVTJ-delgE/gI/TK-E2-Cap needs to be optimally engineered as a promising trivalent vaccine candidate against PRV, PCV2 and CSFV co-infections in future.
Highlights
Pseudorabies (PR), or Aujeszky’s disease (AD), is a lethal viral disease of pigs, and its causative agent is pseudorabies virus (PRV) [1]
Despite significant efforts towards the control and eradication of PR and classical swine fever (CSF), these diseases are still endemic in swine in many countries [33]
It has been reported that co-infections of PRV, Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) or other viruses such as porcine parvovirus (PPV) and PRRSV often occur in the swine populations [34,35,36], leading to more severe wasting diseases
Summary
Pseudorabies (PR), or Aujeszky’s disease (AD), is a lethal viral disease of pigs, and its causative agent is pseudorabies virus (PRV) [1]. PRV ( classified as suid herpesvirus 1) belongs to the Varicellovirus genus Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily within the Herpesviridae family. The genome of PRV is a double-stranded linear DNA molecule about 143 kb in size [2], and comprises almost seventy open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for at least 70–100 viral proteins, which include structural and non-structural proteins, replicases, and virulence-associated proteins [3]. PR is a very devastating disease manifested by higher fatality in neonates, respiratory distress in fattening pigs, and abortions and stillbirths in pregnant sows. Glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted PR vaccines are safe and efficacious and have been widely applied in several countries to control and eliminate PR [4].
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