Abstract
A general applicable theory is presented for group delay (GD) in nonabsorbing photonic structures, for which the structural boundaries consist of longitudinally invariant waveguides. It is shown that the sum of the GDs of the various outgoing modes weighted by their transmittances is, in general, approximately equal to the ratio of time-averaged optical energy and time-averaged input power. It is further demonstrated that exact equality is obtained by taking into account interference effects of modes that have spatial overlap at the structural boundary. A detailed theory is presented, discussed, and elucidated via a simple example.
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