Genealogy in the 19th Century: Obligation and Means, Versus Experience and Emotion

This article attempts to show how the manifestation of ancestors was expressed in the genealogical awareness of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, using publications to mark special occasions in the 17th and 18th centuries, genealogical trees and diagrams. The research seeks to establish what effect the exaltation of various battles had on the genealogical memory of the nobility in the Grand Duchy, bearing in mind the context of its involvement in one of the most famous battles it ever fought. The genealogical sources mentioned were examined in order to ascertain which battles and what memories of the commanders who fought in them were important to the genealogical awareness of the nobility, and why this memory was selective, for some battles and notable heroes from these battles are remembered and glorified, while others are simply forgotten. Memories of which battles were important to the genealogical presentation of certain families, how was it expressed, and in what period were the ancestors who participated in these battles remembered? The first part of the study presents the memory of ancestors as soldiers, and the ways this memory was expressed. The second part focuses on ancestors who distinguished themselves in specific battles, and which family members who participated in battles are remembered and honoured, in this way distinguishing them from other ancestors.

In the passage from the end of the early modern era to the beginning of the contemporary as usually understood, between end 18th and beginning 19th centuries, the Efemeridi by Giuseppe Pelli may well appear to be unique for its size, genre characteristics, and motivations. The fertile ground from which diaristic writing grows, by now fully 18th century in a number of ways, is also in the Florentine writing of family books, an almost uninterrupted tradition beginning at the end of the 13th century, winding through the centuries up to the 18th and even the 19th centuries. Particular spores can also be found in the precedents to this memory, both familial and autobiographical, within Pelli Bencivenni's own family. Family memory in Florence at the time Pelli begins to write, in mid-18th century, has existed for four and a half centuries.Keywords: family memory; Florence; Giuseppe Pelli Bencivenni

Despite genetic advances in the study of Lynch syndrome (LS), difficulties remain in the diagnosis of the syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of a detailed genealogical tree as a screening method to identify Tenerife island families with a high probability of LS. We elaborated complete genealogical trees of the families. According to the degree of fulfillment of the Amsterdam Criteria II, the genealogical trees were classified as high or low probability of LS. Additionally, we analyzed the level of tumor microsatellite instability (MSI+) and identified a mutation in exon 13 of the MSH2 gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism, sequencing, and PCR-RFLP. According the genealogical trees, we found 10 families with high probability of LS and 30 families with low probability of LS. The families with high probability of LS showed high MSI+ in all cases. Conversely, families with low probability were MSS (microsatellite stable). In 5 of the 10 families with high probability, we discovered a T-->G mutation in position 688 of exon 13 of MSH2, which appeared in all the family members with the tumor, except 1 patient with a retinoblastoma. Our results indicate that genealogical tree is a highly effective tool for classifying families with a high probability of Lynch Syndrome prior to genetic test.

How does political socialization in the family work? What kind of factors and structures are operating in this process? A Hungarian research team set to answer these questions. Relying on Percheron’s theory on long historical effects in socialization, the team listed ten historical events in the last hundred years of Hungary as key events in families’ memory. The length and variety of family memory, its continuity and discontinuity were tested with this tool, the attitude of grandparents, parents, and youth generation to different key events were analyzed as well. Demographic and cultural factors affecting family memory have been identified in a detailed analysis. Author concludes that (1) the research method and tool proved fruitful; (2) long historical memory has been destroyed in most families by various social and political troubles they had to survive during the last hundred years. Keywords: political socialization – family socialization – Hungarian politics – Percheron’s theory

The article discusses the formation of entertainment infrastructure in the cities of the Black Sea province in the late 19th - early 20th century. in close connection with the development of the recreational function of the region. The dependence of the process of creation and activity of leisure establishments on the sociocultural demands and needs of the regional community is shown. The characteristic of natural geographic, socio-economic, demographic and other factors influencing the organization of various forms of recreation, both visitors and local residents, is given. The authors conclude that entertainment for members of regional society was one of the ways to overcome the feeling of alienation and isolation from the outside world. The focus of the article is on the consideration of cinemas and circuses, which in the pre-revolutionary period in Russia were the most popular entertainment establishments and attracted the largest number of viewers. The study provides detailed statistical information about cinemas in Novorossiysk and other cities of the Black Sea province, assesses their material base, characterizes the genre variety of the repertoire. Also highlights the specifics of organizing circus performances, and other leisure activities. It justifies the conclusion that the extensive network of entertainment establishments that developed in the Black Sea cities in the pre-revolutionary period served the sociocultural requests of both the local population and the visiting resort community, and their activity became one of the factors shaping a specific urban lifestyle that is brighter and more dynamic than weekdays Russian village. According to the authors, the spread among various social groups of citizens of various forms of leisure was a reflection of the democratization of society and was the result of modernization processes sweeping the country.

В статье рассказывается о сделанной сотрудниками Музея Мирового океана уникальной находке – фрагменте парусного судна типа рейзекан (традиционного судна для заливов и рек в северной части Пруссии). Описывается его реставрация и интеграция в музейное пространство. Приводится развернутый рассказ о судах подобного типа, их основных параметрах и сложившейся практике их использования в XIX–XX вв. Рейзекан, являющийся сегодня частью экспозиции «Тайны затонувших кораблей», имеет уникальную историю: 25–26 апреля 1945 года на завершающем этапе Восточно-Прусской операции он в качестве десантного судна принял участие в высадке на Балтийскую косу штурмовых отрядов из состава частей 3-го Белорусского фронта. Это обстоятельство удалось установить впоследствии при изучении этого судна. Также в статье нашла отражение многолетняя практика реставрации в мастерской Музея Мирового океана извлеченных из водной среды деревянных фрагментов старинных судов и их последующая музеефикация. The article discusses the history of the discovery by employees of the Museum of the World Ocean of a fragment of a sailing ship of the Reisekahn type - a traditional vessel for bays and rivers in the northern part of Prussia. Its restoration and integration into the museum space is described. A detailed story is given about ships of this type, their main parameters and the established practice of their use in the 19th – 20th centuries. Reisekahn, which is now part of the exhibition “Secrets of Sunken Ships”, has a unique history - as a landing ship, it took part in the landing of assault troops from units of the 3rd Belorussian Front on the Baltic Spit on April 25-26, 1945 at the final stage of the East Prussian War operations. This was opened later during the study of this vessel. The article also reflects the long-term practice of restoring wooden fragments of ancient ships removed from the aquatic environment in the restoration workshop of the Museum of the World Ocean, and their subsequent museumification.(

The article analyzes the issue of family memory in the sense of identity, of family and socio-cultural belonging formation processes. The transformations in family memory following the discontinuity of family experience, with particular reference to parenting and adoptive filiation, are observed from the analysis of autobiographical and traumatic memory functions. Observing memory formation processes in biological and adoptive parenting can detect the impact that narrative has on the representation of the self, of the family and of social context. In relational discontinuity experiences, family narratives work on the family transition process and on another bonding and family membership formation process. Attention is paid to the analysis of the impact that the trauma of family separation has on memory processing and, in particular, on the implicit and explicit autobiographical memory to get to define the role of the adoptive family in narrative processes and in family memory formation.

The article examines the source potential of personal funds of Central State Archive of the Samara Region when studying such a scientific problem as family memory. The author, based on archival materials and auto-documentary texts, analyzes the conditions under which interest in family history is formed and determines the motives for preserving the history of ancestors. The sources for the research were the funds of two families – the nobles Butorovs and the priest Preobrazhensky, who lived in the Samara province at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, who, in the era of socio-political cataclysms, managed not only to preserve their family history, but also to increase it and pass it on to subsequent generations. Methods of the scientific direction «memory studies» make it possible to analyze the traumatic experience of the authors of ego-documents, which contributed to the Preobrazhenskys and Butorovs turning to studying the past of their family, writing memoirs and preserving family memory. The author comes to the conclusion that interest in the history of a family does not depend on social origin, but is formed by family traditions – attitude to reading, education and creative pursuits. In addition, through genealogical research, the Preobrazhenskys and Butorovs sought to preserve the continuity of generations in their families and find spiritual support at a turning point in life.

Family mansions have traditionally played a central role in aristocratic family memories. In the case of the Russian aristocracy, this was no different, with country estates (usad’ba) having a special place. The country estate was a place where aristocrats spent a substantial part of their childhood, a place of idyllic memories and a form of stability in family life across the generations. In this way, it was kept in family memory and held a firm place in it. At the same time, the estate itself was a place of memory, for it kept memories of previous generations of the family. This chapter, therefore, deals with the role of a country mansion in ancestral memory, especially how memories of a particular mansion have been passed down between generations during the 20th century, in exile and in Soviet Russia as well. A specific example is the family memory of the Princes Vasil’chikov (memories of Lotarevo’s country estate) and the Princes Golitsyn (country estate in Buchalki). This chapter is based on memoirs, published in exile and in Russia.

! e present article reff ers to the phenomenon of 19th century nobility confi rmations asked by members of the noble families that gained their nobility during the 16th – 18th centuries for devoted military or executory services. ! e Romanian origin of the protagonists of the 19th century documents kept in the local administration archives is not explicitly revealed but more or less presumed based on their christian names and sometimes on their religion.Starting with the second half of the 16th century there can be detected a radical change in the way the nobility parchments were conferred being of common knowledge the proliferation of the armorial nobility in Transylvania, Banat and Partium. ! e exempt from obligations, usually of fi scal origin and the conferring of certain privileges to the ennobled person, which sometimes extended also upon his descendants, accompanied by a coat of arms, represented a characteristic of the phenomenon of ennoblement.! e information kept about certain families of Romanian origin who’s descendents asked the confi rmation of their nobility based on nobility parchments received by their forefathers from the Hungarian kings, rulers of Transylvanian Principality and later on by the Habsburg emperors, help the historians to complete a global image of the phenomenon of ennoblement during the centuries.! ere are plenty of documents kept at the level of local administration during the 19th century in which one witnesses the practice of requiring and getting the confi rmation of the nobility. One of the families that frequently appears in documents and sometimes the information is backed up also by the Romanian and Hungarian bibliography of the late 19th and early 20th centuries is Faur family originally from Teiuș who’s members lived also in Arad, Timiș, Caraș, Cenad, Zărand Counties. Testimony was also kept about a member of the well known Matskási of Tinkova family, namely Matskásy Lajos junior who asked the representatives of Caraș county to confirm his nobility based on the fact that his father Matskásy Lajos senior enjoyed certain privileges as a noble and civil servant of the Szeckler Chairs of Odorhei, Cristur and Brăduţ.Not only well known families of Romanian origin as Matskásy (Măcicaș) family can be traced out but also other names as Cornia alias Barb, Pap alias Popvici, Fogarasy, Șubony, Jumanca and Racz. Certain descendents with the name of Racz appear during the 19th century process of nobility confirmation but one cannot tell if the family was of Serbian or Romanian origin, on the one hand because of the fact that both Romanians and Serbians had the same orthodox religion and on the other hand because the translation from Hungarian language of the word „racz” is Serbian. There are also some Romanian names recorded in the lists of noble man from Caraș county such as Nicolae Krecsun, Koszta Greku, Mihaly Krecsun, Iuon Blusovan, Athanasie Doma, Dioniszie Popeszko, Paszku Miksa and so on but they might gain their nobility during the second half of the 18th century or even during the 19th century as the documents do not give information concerning this aspect.

This chapter focuses on how family memories are today constructed, published and shared online. Since the 1990s, the internet and especially social media have become vital for keeping in contact with family members and friends living around the world and to share family memories with them. Instead of showcased or stored in family photo albums, shoeboxes or bookshelves, images of family photos, personal documents like letters or family heirlooms are now commonly shared on social media, especially in Facebook groups. At the same, the range of what can be considered as a family memory has broadened from cherished memory objects to embodied, embedded and sensory memories, which in some cases in all their ordinariness can easily go unrecognized. Very often, these posts will attract, besides likes and other emotional reactions, comments about similar kinds of memories and lead to long and meaningful discussions about family history. This shift also means that family memories are no longer shared only in the private sphere, but also in public with people we do not necessarily know.

<titre>R&#233;sum&#233;</titre>Rares sont les &#233;tudes empiriques sur les comportements de transmission fond&#233;es sur des donn&#233;es historiques se r&#233;f&#233;rant &#224; des p&#233;riodes o&#249; l&#8217;&#201;tat intervenait peu dans la politique familiale et o&#249; les institutions bancaires et assurancielles &#233;taient moins d&#233;velopp&#233;es qu&#8217;aujourd&#8217;hui. L&#8217;objet pr&#233;cis de cet article consistait &#224; d&#233;crire et &#224; exploiter une base de donn&#233;es historiques constitu&#233;e de g&#233;n&#233;alogies patrimoniales couvrant le xixe et la premi&#232;re moiti&#233; du xxe si&#232;cle. Le corpus de donn&#233;es a &#233;t&#233; &#233;labor&#233; &#224; partir des familles issues de l&#8217;enqu&#234;te &#171;&#160;3 000 Familles&#160;&#187;, r&#233;sidant au cours des xixe et xxe si&#232;cles dans le d&#233;partement de Loire-Inf&#233;rieure.L&#8217;&#233;chantillon permet de v&#233;rifier certaines hypoth&#232;ses th&#233;oriques concernant les comportements de transmission. Les tests empiriques r&#233;v&#232;lent (1) le caract&#232;re r&#233;trospectif des legs, soit la forte influence du patrimoine h&#233;rit&#233; sur le patrimoine transmis&#160;; (2) une d&#233;croissance du montant des legs apr&#232;s 66 ans qui signale une &#171;&#160;consommation&#160;&#187; du patrimoine au cours de la vieillesse. Elle traduit soit le besoin de financement de la retraite, soit l&#8217;existence de donations aux enfants en contrepartie d&#8217;une prise en charge mat&#233;rielle&#160;; (3) l&#8217;influence positive d&#8217;une descendance limit&#233;e (2 enfants) sur le montant transmis, signe de l&#8217;existence d&#8217;un motif de transmission au xixe si&#232;cle.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This paper explores the view of family memory in the movie Coming Home (2014) to underline the importance of family memory in maintaining the family wholeness. This paper is a qualitative study with sociological approach focusing on the concept of family memory by Halbwachs. The results of this paper demonstrate that the presence of family memories determines one’s perception and action toward other family members and helps family members to encounter challenges that occur within the family or in the society. Meanwhile, the absence of family memory makes someone care less to other family members and get easily influenced by external factors outside the family. Family memory is concurrently possible to maintain cultural tradition within a family and even a nation, thus family memory between family members goes beyond family affair, not only strengthen and unite a family but also a nation.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Since the end of the 20th century, foreign and domestic researchers have paid serious attention to the study of family memory and methods of its construction. One of the constructs that accumulates family memories is considered to be a family photo album, which concentrates symbolic, figurative and verbal representations of the family past, which are reproduced, stored and broadcast by members of the same family to ensure its integrity and unity, the formation of individual and family identity, and also the transfer of significant value guidelines. Family artifacts such as albums and home photographs are intended to convey an ideal image of the family and maintain family ties. However, scientists focus particular attention not so much on the past event itself, as on the problems of preserving and transmitting the memory of it. In particular, researchers study the peculiarities of the construction of reality by members of a certain society from the position of narrative analysis. The purpose of the paper under consideration is to present a family photo album as an integral, visual narrative about the family’s past, identifying the key aspects of this method of forming family memory. Therefore, the article compares home photography and family photo album as different forms of visual narrative in terms of strategies of narrative text organization, its structure and the specifics of its creation.

The evolution of social housing concepts in the 20th and 21st centuries reflects the shifting social, economic, and cultural conditions of their time. At the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries, numerous housing models for workers emerged as a response to the challenges of industrialization. Avant-garde architectural movements during the early 20th century, proposed innovative approaches to residential design, exemplified by house-communes and residential combines. The typology of the house-commune minimized personal space, prioritizing communal areas to foster a collectivist lifestyle and efficiency, while residential combines integrated individual apartments with spaces for communal living and cultural services. These typologies embodied the idea of societal transformation through architecture, emphasizing shared living, collective labour, and leisure organization. Contemporary forms of social housing, such as co-living spaces, cohousing communities, eco-districts, and neighbourhood collectives, retain elements of earlier typologies while adapting them to modern realities. These models emphasize voluntary participation, ecological sustainability, individual needs, and uphold traditions of social integration and collective management. The study highlights that the search for new collective housing forms has been particularly relevant during periods of political and sociocultural crises, reflecting efforts to address evolving societal challenges. These processes underscore the continuity and adaptability of architectural solutions, especially during times of social upheaval. For instance, the migration crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian war against Ukraine have reignited the urgency of developing new forms of social housing. Thus, the evolution of social housing concepts reaffirms their importance as a tool for addressing contemporary challenges.