Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is endangered by several ecological factors, such as drought, extreme temperatures, excessive salts, parasitic ailments, and insect pest infestation. These challenging environmental factors may have adverse effects on future agriculture production in many countries. In modern agriculture, conventional crop-breeding techniques alone are inadequate for achieving the increasing population’s food demand on a sustainable basis. The advancement of molecular genetics and related technologies are promising tools for the selection of new crop species. Gene pyramiding through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and other techniques have accelerated the development of durable resistant/tolerant lines with high accuracy in the shortest period of time for agricultural sustainability. Gene stacking has not been fully utilized for biotic stress resistance development and quality improvement in most of the major cultivated crops. This review emphasizes on gene pyramiding techniques that are being successfully deployed in modern agriculture for improving crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses for sustainable crop improvement.
Highlights
The green revolution has resulted in substantial progress in yield and quality improvement of important food crops globally [1]
For complex agronomic traits, such as grain yield and biotic and abiotic stress resistance, the pyramiding of multiple quantitative trait locus (QTLs) into crops is recommended, and expression-QTL, protein-QTL, and metabolite-QTL types of analysis are applied on the multiple traits [83,105,106,107]
Conventional plant breeding has improved with the help of molecular markers and marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies
Summary
The green revolution has resulted in substantial progress in yield and quality improvement of important food crops globally [1]. ItResistance is necessary to develop unique and gene efficient strategies to by enhance cropa resistance against developed through a single can be overcome pests after few years [49,50,51,52], stresses to improve yield and quality on a sustainable basis [53,54,55]. Gene pyramiding may be one to of so it is necessary to develop unique and efficient strategies to enhance crop resistance against stresses the superior techniques to accomplish durable resistance against various stresses in crop production improve yield and quality on a sustainable basis [53,54,55].
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