Gene Expression Changes and Anti-proliferative Effect of Noni (Morinda Citrifolia) Fruit Extract Analysed by Real Time-PCR

Hermansyah Hermansyah,Susilawati Susilawati

doi:10.20884/1.jm.2017.12.1.333

Abstract

To elucidate the anti-proliferative effect of noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruit extract for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism, analysis of gene expression changes related to cell cycle associated with inhibition effect of noni fruit extract was carried out. Anti-proliferative of noni fruit extract was analyzed using gene expression changes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strains FY833 and BY4741).Â Transcriptional analysis of genes that play a role in cell cycle was conducted by growing cells on YPDAde broth medium containing 1% (w/v) noni fruit extract, and then subjected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Â Transcriptional level of genes CDC6 (Cell Division Cycle-6), CDC20 (Cell Division Cycle-20), FAR1 (Factor ARrest-1), FUS3 (FUSsion-3), SIC1 (Substrate/Subunit Inhibitor of Cyclin-dependent protein kinase-1), WHI5 (WHIskey-5), YOX1 (Yeast homeobOX-1) and YHP1 (Yeast Homeo-Protein-1) increased, oppositely genes expression of DBF4 (DumbBell Forming), MCM1 (Mini Chromosome Maintenance-1) and TAH11 (Topo-A Hypersensitive-11) decreased, while the expression level of genes CDC7 (Cell Division Cycle-7), MBP1 (MIul-box Binding Protein-1) and SWI6 (SWItching deficient-6) relatively unchanged. These results indicated that gene expression changes might associate with anti-proliferative effect from noni fruit extract. These gene expressions changes lead to the growth inhibition of S.cerevisiae cell because of cell cycle defect.

Highlights

Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni plant), a unique horticultural plant belonging to Rubiaceae is a native plant from Southeast Asia to Australia and spread in Polynesia, India, Central and Northern South America (Chan-Blanco, Vaillant, Perez, & Brat, 2006)
We found that methanol extract of noni fruit could inhibit proliferative of S. cerevisiae especially in the G1/S phase of cell cycle progression (Hermansyah, Sugiyama, Kaneko & Harashima, 2009) and this data indicated that noni fruit extract has anti-proliferative effect for organisms
By using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), expression level of some genes involved in G1/S transition was checked in this experiment

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni plant), a unique horticultural plant belonging to Rubiaceae is a native plant from Southeast Asia to Australia and spread in Polynesia, India, Central and Northern South America (Chan-Blanco, Vaillant, Perez, & Brat, 2006). Almost all part of noni plants such as roots, stems, barks, leaves, and fruits have been used folk medicine in many countries including in Indonesia. Almost all of noni plant parts such as roots, stems, bark, leaves, flower, and fruit could be used in herbal remedies for cancer, infection, arthritis, diabetes, asthma, hypertension, and pain (Wang et al, 2002). The budding yeast S.cerevisiae was used as a model organism to identify and explore the anti-proliferative or anticancer mechanism. We found that methanol extract of noni fruit could inhibit proliferative of S. cerevisiae especially in the G1/S phase of cell cycle progression (Hermansyah, Sugiyama, Kaneko & Harashima, 2009) and this data indicated that noni fruit extract has anti-proliferative effect for organisms. By using real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), expression level of some genes involved in G1/S transition was checked in this experiment

MATERIALS AND METHODS

15 KfRT-SWI6 KrRT-SWI6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION