Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if a diabetic environment induces changes in the activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT). Embryos from control and diabetic rats of gestational day 12, as well as day 9 embryos that were exposed to 10 or 50 mmol/l glucose for 48 h in vitro were studied. Total SOD, GPX and CAT activities were determined by chemiluminescenee and spectrophotometry. Northern blots of total RNA were hybridized to cDNA probes for human CuZnSOD, human MnSOD, murine GPX, and rat CAT. High glucose induced a significant increase in embryonic SOD activity but not in GPX or CAT activity. A parallel increase in the mRNA coding for MnSOD, but not in the CuZnSOD mRNA was also observed in the high glucose cultured embryos. Furthermore, the embryos of manifestly diabetic rats showed a two-fold increase in MnSOD transcript, and no change in the CuZnSOD, GPX, and CAT mRNAs. In conclusion, a diabetic environment induces an increase in total embryonic SOD activity and MnSOD mRNA levels, but not in GPX or CAT activity, or in CuZnSOD, GPX, or CAT mRNA transcripts.
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