Abstract
This study examined the relationships between gender, ethnicity, ethnic identity, and language choices of Malaysian multilingual youths in the family domain of language use. Five hundred undergraduate students who belonged to different Malaysian ethnic groups were selected as participants of the study. The participant aged between 17 to 25 years old. To select the participants, a random proportional stratified sampling strategy was developed. A self administered questionnaire survey comprising three sections was used for gathering information about participants’ demographic profiles, their language choices in the family domain, and the concepts of their ethnic identity. To make analyses about the most used languages of the participants and the relationships between variables, SPSS software was run. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the participants’ profiles as well as participants’ used languages in the family domain of language use. Inferential statistics was used to examine relationships between variables. According to results of the study, in the family domain five codes were mostly used by the participants. These five codes were respectively, the Malay language, mixed use of Malay and English, Chinese, Mixed use of Chinese and English, and English. Furthermore, in the family domain, gender did not exert any influence on the choice of language of the multilingual participants, but ethnicity was found to be a determinant of language choice. Ethnic identity was found to influence the language choices of the Malays as well, but it did not affect the Chinese and Indian participants’ language choices in this domain of language use.
Highlights
IntroductionMembers of ethnic groups speak their indigenous languages inside their speech communities (Elias, 2008, p. 8)
In a multilingual country, members of ethnic groups speak their indigenous languages inside their speech communities (Elias, 2008, p. 8)
The present study aimed at examining the relationships between the Malaysian multilingual language choices from one side and their gender, ethnicity and ethnic identity from the other
Summary
Members of ethnic groups speak their indigenous languages inside their speech communities (Elias, 2008, p. 8). In such linguistic ecologies, parallel to the indigenous languages, there is often another language that is used in more formal social events such as governmental debates, judicial environments and educational settings (Adams, Matu, & Ongarora, 2012). Parallel to the indigenous languages, there is often another language that is used in more formal social events such as governmental debates, judicial environments and educational settings (Adams, Matu, & Ongarora, 2012) This formal language could be the language of the former colonial government, which was introduced to a country during its colonial era. It could be a promoted indigenous language that was selected as result of a language policy of a particular newly established state (Ferguson, 2006; Cooper, 1989). Hafriza Burhanudeen (2006) categorized the dialects of West Malaysia under four main groups. Burhanudeen (2006, p. 11) maintained: The North Western dialect typically found in Kedah, Perlis and the Penang region, the North dialect (Kelantan, Pahang and Teregganu), the Eastern dialect (mainly the subvarieties of the North-Eastern dialect) and the Southern dialect (Johar, Melaka and Selangor)
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