Abstract
Studies indicate complexity of causes for occurence and expression of homophobia, and indicate gender differences in its expression. However, studies that would investigate the relationship of known sources of homophobia, like implicit attitudes, personality, and defense mechanisms, are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate predictive validity of different factors like intensity of sexual attraction towards opposite sex, implicit associations related to homosexuality, personality, use of defense mechanisms in men and women, and to examine a moderating role of gender in prediction of homophobia.Test of homophobia (H-25) was administered to a sample of 123 students. For assessment of the intensity of sexual attraction towards opposite sex we used Connotative Differential (CD-15), while for assessment of implicit attitudes the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was applied. Personality was measured with a short adjective scale for assessment of the Big Five, and defense mechanisms were assessed with the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ40). Results of hierarchical regression analysis suggest that use of immature and less frequent use of mature defence mechanisms have influence on expression of homophobia in both sexes. In addition, findings indicate that the motivational aspect of sexual attraction towards opposite sex and rigid personality lead to stonger homophobia in man in comparison to women. Results supportthe hypothesis that homophobia can have different sources and functions depending of the sex of the person.
Highlights
Homofobija zaokuplja pažnju istraživača iz različitih oblasti, uprkos tome što je homoseksualnost pre više od 30 godina izbačena iz Dijagnostičkog i statističkog priručnika mentalnih poremećaja (DSM III)
Prvi izvor homofobije po Hereku je iskustven i proističe iz neprijatnih iskustava koje je osoba imala sa pripadnicima homoseksualne orijentacije, a koja su generalizovana na čitavu grupu
Findings indicate that the motivational aspect of sexual attraction towards opposite sex and rigid personality lead to stonger homophobia in man in comparison to women
Summary
Analize koje su imale za cilj da pokažu koji faktori utiču na javljanje i ispoljavanje homofobije, sugerišu da kod oba pola značajan doprinos imaju sklonost ka korišćenju nezrelih i manje prisustvo zrelih mehanizama odbrane. Uvođenjem interaktivnih efekata u regresionu analizu pokazano je da, pored mehanizama odbrane koji imaju nezavisan doprinos, značajni prediktori homofobije postaju interaktivni efekti pola i dimenzije pobuđenosti, kao i pola i crte otvorenost za iskustva. Nalazi o ulozi nezrelih mehanizama odbrane u predikciji homofobije su u skladu sa prethodnim istraživanjima (Johnson et al, 1997; Lewis & White, 2009). Iako u literaturi nema podataka koji su direktno uporedivi sa našim, dobijeni nalazi su u skladu sa nalazima prethodnih istraživanja koji ukazuju na uzajamnu pozitivnu vezu homofobije i jačine seksualne privlačnosti prema osobama suprotnog pola primenjena psihologija 2015/4. Sexual prejudice and gender: Do heterosexuals’ attitudes toward lesbians and gay men differ?
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