Abstract
Background: Impact of large recessions on GDP growth is well documented and their effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is definitive. Health care expenditure is growing everywhere in the world. The most important factors such as GDP, income per capita, health system factors, urbanization, aging, and socio-demographic factors are well determined and described. Objective: The main aim of this literature review is the summation of all factors affecting the GDP and healthcare expenditure. The second aim is presenting the bigger picture of the multifactorial connection between all impacts on healthcare expenditure. The last aim is proposing possible strategies for the development of sustainable health systems. Conclusion: Tracking the economic trend changes is necessary. Government investments in health must be as large as countries can afford due to the population aging, non-communicable disease and treatment, and pharmacological innovations. The cost-effectiveness estimates and Hierarchical task analyses are among some plausible solutions for making informed resource allocation decisions.
Highlights
Healthcare expenditure is growing in all countries
Results from Piabuo showed that health expenditure has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in both CEMAC countries and five African countries [52]
Some of the major problems were: the type of country’s health system establishments, health care financing and provision, and the percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) invested in the health
Summary
Healthcare expenditure is becoming a significant challenge for the financial sustainability of national health systems even in high-income countries. Both developing and developed countries are working to define the factors involved in this healthcare expenditure management. Indicators affecting economic growth can be tracked ever since the largest recessions. Understanding economic growth concept is essential in order to point out cross-country variation in adaptable policies and mistakes, especially in the time of crisis. Literature data determined some factors related to healthcare expenditure: income per capita as the core one, health system factors, GDP, socio-demographic characteristic (gender and age), and level of urbanization. The most important factors such as GDP, income per capita, health system factors, urbanization, aging, and socio-demographic factors are well determined and described
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