GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Detarium microcarpum (OFOR)

Abstract

The increasing use of Detarium microcarpum as food and in treatment of different ailment and the understudy of its bioactive and chemical composition resulted to this work on GCMS studies of phytochemical composition, antibiotic and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of ofor (Detarium microcarpum). Ethanol extract of seed of Detarium microcarpum showed the presence of the various phytochemicals; saponin, flavonoids, steroid, proteins, anthraquinnones and alkaloids. The following phytochemicals were absence from the sample; tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycoside, phulobactanins, phenolic compounds and reducing sugars. GCMS analysis showed the presence of 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- as a main compound in the extraction. The aqueous extraction showed 28.59% and the least compound showed methyl tetradecanoate and the aqueous extraction is 1.13%. The activities of 10mg/2ml of the seed extract on selected bacterial organisms with Minimium Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of Eseterichia coli (10μl), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100μl) Staphylococcus aureus (50μl) and Bacillus suptili (20μl) justified the use of the plant seeds for various treatments by local traditional practitioners. Antioxidant activities of Detarium microcarpum seed determined by the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) assay method indicated a steady increase in the scavenging activity of free radicals in all extracts from 322 to 1011μg/mL. The usage of this ornamental plant should be promoted as an alternative for synthetic chemicals as it is easily available, grown and maintained, accessible and affordable. The high antioxidant potential, free radical scavenging activity and anti-oxidative enzymes of Detarium microcarpum should be utilized to develop new drug candidates for antioxidant therapy