GCF MMP‐8 Levels in Smokers and Non‐Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis Following Scaling and Root Planing Accompanied by Systemic Use of Flurbiprofen

Abstract

Cigarette smoking has been identified as an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive flurbiprofen administration on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from smoking and non-smoking patients with CP. Twenty-nine non-smoking and 29 smoking patients with CP were divided into four groups according to periodontal treatment modalities. Group 1 (non-smokers with CP) and group 3 (smokers with CP) patients received daily 100-mg flurbiprofen tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients in group 2 (non-smokers with CP) and group 4 (smokers with CP) received placebo tablets in a 2 x 1 regimen for 10 days together with SRP. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded; GCF samples were collected from each sampling area at baseline and after the 10-day period of drug intake by a single examiner who was unaware of the treatment modality. Assays for GCF MMP-8 were carried out by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI and GI scores following the phase I periodontal treatment (P < 0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in PD and CAL scores after therapy. In all groups, the reduction of GCF MMP-8 levels after therapy was statistically significant compared to baseline levels (P < 0.001). When groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 were compared according to GCF MMP-8 levels after the therapy, no statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.117 and P = 0.485, respectively). Flurbiprofen administration had no additional inhibitory effect over SRP alone on GCF levels of MMP-8 in smokers compared to non-smokers with CP.