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Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels in plaque-associated gingivitis.MethodsA total of 50 gingivitis patients were included in the present study. In addition to daily plaque control, CHX group rinsed with CHX, while placebo group rinsed with placebo mouthrinse for 4 weeks. GCF samples were collected, and clinical parameters including plaque index, papillary bleeding index, calculus index and pocket depth were recorded at baseline and 4 weeks. GCF MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were determined by immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.ResultsIn both groups, GCF MMP-8 levels of anterior and posterior sites at four weeks were not different from baseline (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in GCF MMP-8 levels between the study groups at four weeks (p > 0.05). GCF TIMP-1 levels of anterior and posterior sites at four weeks were higher compared to baseline in both groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in GCF TIMP level between the study groups at four weeks (p > 0.05).ConclusionsCHX usage had no significant effects on the GCF MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels in plaque-associate gingivitis. However, daily plaque control resulted in the increase of GCF TIMP-1 levels regardless of CHX usage.
Highlights
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 levels in plaque-associated gingivitis
We have previously showed CHX mouthrinse had limited beneficial effects on clinical periodontal parameters but was not effective on GCF cytokine levels in gingivitis [31]
Three subjects had mucosal ulcerations in CHX group. In this short term, randomized, placebo controlled clinical study, which is a continuation of previously published studies [31,34], the effectiveness of CHX as an adjunct to daily plaque control on both clinical and GCF MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were evaluated in gingivitis patients
Summary
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adjunctive chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels in plaque-associated gingivitis. Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse as antimicrobial agent is considered as the gold standard in preventing the dental plaque formation and gingival inflammation due to its both antiplaque and antigingivitis effects [4,5,6,7,8]. Microorganisms of dental plaque stimulate host cells to express their matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which is one of the mechanisms leading to periodontal tissue destruction [9]. Significant decreases in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MMP-8 levels following periodontal treatment including scaling and root planning have been reported [15]. The persistence of MMP-8 at physiologic levels after treatment has been suggested to be involved in the down-regulation of the inflammatory process and the onset of the reparative phase [19]
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