GCC & PCC displacing kaolin & TiO 2 in the North American paper industry

Abstract

The dataset includes six yearly time series of six Heatwave (HW) aspects/metrics (or statistical summaries) calculated from the E-OBS dataset (v19eHOM, available in https://www.ecad.eu/download/ensembles/downloadversion19.0eHOM.php) following the Excess Heat Factor (EHF) methodology implemented in the ClimPACT tool, in compliance with the guidelines established by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ET-SCI). These aspects correspond to annual summaries of HW frequency, duration and intensity, considering solely the events occurring during the extended summer season (from June to September). Input Daily Maximum (TX) and Minimum (TN) near-surface air temperature data were retrieved from a European gridded dataset (E-OBS) – the ensemble homogenized version ‘19.0eHOM’, at 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution, covering the European region, and retrieved from the EU-FP6 project UERRA (http://www.uerra.eu) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The E-OBS dataset is based on station observations, provided by the European Climate Assessment & Dataset. The here-presented HW aspects/summaries outputs of the ClimPACT tool correspond to the gridded annual statistical summaries of HW – these are detected based on the positive Excess Heat Factor (EHF) days, an HW index based on the human health response to heat extremes. The summaries include: (i) annual Number of Heatwaves (HWN); (ii) annual Heatwave Days Frequency (HWF); (iii) annual Maximum Heatwave Duration (HWD); (iv) annual Mean Heatwave Magnitude (HWM); and (v) annual Maximum Heatwave Amplitude (HWA). In addition, the annual maximum Heatwave Severity (HWS) was calculated, by dividing HWA by the 85th percentile of the positive EHF days. These annual time series can be used in HW-related studies focusing on the European region, particularly those focusing on climatology, trends, and impacts on human health.