Abstract
Plants are excellent sources of functionally bioactive compounds and essential nutrients. The phytochemical constituents have enormous potential in treating both plant and human diseases. Parkia timoriana (Yongchak/Zawngtah), one of the most important underutilized plants popularly consumed in Manipur and Mizoram states of Northeastern region of India, is known for its ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal values. A significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), and Phosphomolybdate scavenging activity corresponding to high antioxidant potentials was shown by the extracts from different edible parts of P. timoriana. P. timoriana extract showed significant antibacterial potential against Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtillis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of the extracts revealed the functional groups and bioactive compounds present in different edible parts of the plant. Characteristic peaks of phenols, carboxylic acids, alkenes, glycogen, alkyl halides, halogen, aliphatic amines, primary and secondary amines, esters, ether, aromatics, lipids, triglycerides, nitro compounds that had antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties etc. were observed. The GC–MS analysis also revealed the occurrence of 49 bioactive compounds that are known to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. Subsequently, in silico molecular docking studies of the identified bioactive compounds predicted potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-hand report on the bioactive compounds of edible parts of P. timoriana extracts showing antioxidant, antimicrobial and pharmacological significance. This study can lead to the production of new herbal medicines for various diseases employing P. timoriana and perhaps leading to the creation of new medications.
Highlights
Plants are excellent sources of functionally bioactive compounds and essential nutrients
P. timoriana (Yongchak in Manipuri and Zawngtah in Mizo) is popularly consumed in Manipur and Mizoram states of NE India for its ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal values.This plant grows in different conditions from colder and hilly regions to warm and foothill regions without special care[16]
It was reported that P. timoriana had high antioxidant potentials and a good amount of phytochemicals that could have a significant role in anti-cancer, antibacterial and anti-ageing activities[19]
Summary
Plants are excellent sources of functionally bioactive compounds and essential nutrients. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of the extracts revealed the functional groups and bioactive compounds present in different edible parts of the plant. P. timoriana (Yongchak in Manipuri and Zawngtah in Mizo) is popularly consumed in Manipur and Mizoram states of NE India for its ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal values.This plant grows in different conditions from colder and hilly regions to warm and foothill regions without special care[16]. It is an ethnobotanically important plant and has high nutritional and medicinal value. This study will aid in the prediction of the structures and formulae of bioactive compounds present in P. timoriana that could be essential for the discovery and designing of new drugs formulations
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