Abstract
Pharmacognosy Research,2022,14,1,53-60.DOI:10.5530/pres.14.1.9Published:January 2021Type:Research ArticleAuthors:Sarvan Kumar Guguloth, Narender Malothu, and Prasanth DSNBK Author(s) affiliations:Sarvan Kumar Guguloth1,2, Narender Malothu1,*, Prasanth DSNBK1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA. 2Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor, Hayathnagar, Ranga Reddy, Telangana, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Several plants of Terminalia species are being reported as medicinally useful. Terminalia pallida Brandis is one of the plants of the Combretaceae family, which constitutes several pharmacologically active substances. Present work explored leaf extract’s thrombolytic property, which could serve as the superior choice for currently using drugs. Objectives: The present study primarily focused on investigating the phyto-constituents such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanolic leaf extract followed by GC-MS analysis and determining the in vitro thrombin inhibition and in vivo thrombolysis activity. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice (total = 36) were randomly distributed into six groups (n=6). Thrombosis was instigated by injecting 40 μL of 1% carrageenan (Type-I) via the subplantar region of the right hind paw of each mouse. The plant extract was screened for its in vitro thrombin inhibitory potency. In animal studies, the size of the blood clots in mouse tails was recorded by administering the plant extracts at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight for every 24, 48 and 72 hr, respectively. Results: A dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg of the extract showed significant thrombolytic activity at 24, 48, and 72 hr (p< 0.001) in a concentration-dependent manner when correlated with the control group. A reduction in the length of blood clots (p< 0.01) was observed at 48 and 72 hr. In acute oral toxicity study, administration of leaf extract showed no mortality and no significant behavioral changes up to 2000 mg/kg dose. The GC-MS analysis explored the occurrence of about 16 eluted compounds; among these, few have been reported as medicinally useful, which accounts for the therapeutic importance of the plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the methanolic extract of T. pallida Brandis leaves at 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of the Thrombosis in carrageenan instigated model of mice and in vitro thrombin activity. Keywords:Carrageenan, Heparin, Quercetin., Terminallia pallida Brandis, ThrombosisView:PDF (4.38 MB) Full Text
Highlights
Development of clot or Thrombosis is a tricky biochemical and physiological cascade participated by various physiological factors, including rupture of blood vessels, adhesion, and aggregation of platelets.[1,2] Thrombosis is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is responsible for developing various cardiovascular and cerebral diseases with a high impact on the health and socio-economic status of the population. [3] Stroke and heart attacks are mainly triggered by forming a clot in the arteries and atherosclerotic plaques.[4]
The present study primarily focused on investigating the phyto-constituents such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds in methanolic leaf extract followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and determining the in vitro thrombin inhibition and in vivo thrombolysis activity
The GC-MS analysis explored the occurrence of about 16 eluted compounds; among these, few have been reported as medicinally useful, which accounts for the therapeutic importance of the plant
Summary
Development of clot or Thrombosis is a tricky biochemical and physiological cascade participated by various physiological factors, including rupture of blood vessels, adhesion, and aggregation of platelets.[1,2] Thrombosis is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is responsible for developing various cardiovascular and cerebral diseases with a high impact on the health and socio-economic status of the population. [3] Stroke and heart attacks are mainly triggered by forming a clot in the arteries and atherosclerotic plaques.[4]. The principal enzyme responsible for the clotting process is thrombin, while plasmin is an enzyme responsible for fibrin and fibrinogen degradation.[6,7] Several synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs such as oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or thrombolytics are available for treating various thrombotic disorders (vascular blockage, myocardial or cerebral infarction, venous thromboembolism, and deep vein thrombosis) Most of these drugs exhibit adverse effects like bleeding, severe anaphylactic reactions, overarching safety, and efficacy.[8] Approximately 4% of the world’s population has been experiencing excessive bleeding or hemorrhage, 14% of patients worldwide require a blood transfusion. Conclusion: In conclusion, the methanolic extract of T. pallida Brandis leaves at 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of the Thrombosis in carrageenan instigated model of mice and in vitro thrombin activity.
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