Abstract
Peptic ulceration is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by pepsin and gastric acid mediated mucosal damage, as result of imbalance between defensive and offensive processes. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the antiulcer potentials of Polygonum hydropiper crude methanolic ectract (Ph.Cr) in aspirin induced ulcerogenesis using pylorus ligated rat model. In-vitro urease and Proteus mirabilis inhibitory potentials were evaluated using standard protocols. All fractions were analyzed using GC-MS to identify major components. The aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pylorus ligated rat model was associated with significant changes in the mean ulcer score [F(5, 30) = 7.141, P = 0.0002], gastric juice volume [F(5, 30) = 8.245, P < 0.0001], gastric juice pH [F(5, 30) = 5.715, P = 0.0008], free acidity [F(5, 30) = 4.544, P = 0.0033], total acidity [F(5, 30) = 2.740, P = 0.0373], and pepsin concentration [F(5, 30) = 2.335, P = 0.0664]. Pre-treatment with Ph.Cr at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose exhibited marked gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effect in the aspirin induced pyloric ligation ulcerogenesis model at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg as indicated by ulcerative biochemical parameters. In urease inhibition assay, leaves essential oil (Ph.Lo), saponins (Ph.Sp), and chloroform extract (Ph.Chf) exhibited highest activities with IC50 of 90, 98, and 520 μg/ml, respectively. Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf, ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), and Ph.Cr showed MICs of 25, 30, 32.25, and 40.50 μg/ml, respectively against P. mirabilis. Several compounds were identified in GC-MS analysis of samples. Significant in-vivo antiulcer, urease inhibitory as well as anti-proteus potentials of P. hydropiper solvent extracts, signify its potential use for the management of peptic ulcers and may provide scientific bases for the traditional uses of the plant.
Highlights
Peptic ulcer disease is a major gastrointestinal disorder which results from an imbalance between defensive and offensive mechanisms
Whole plant of P. hydropiper was acquired from Talash Valley, Dir (L), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan in the month of July, 2013 as we reported previously (Ayaz et al, 2014a, 2016b)
Crude saponins were isolated from dried plant powder as we reported for this plant and other natural products (Ayaz et al, 2014a, 2016b; Zeb et al, 2014; Ahmad et al, 2015)
Summary
Peptic ulcer disease is a major gastrointestinal disorder which results from an imbalance between defensive (mucus secretion, alkaline and neutral pancreatic and biliary juices, intact mucosal barrier, gastroprotective prostaglandins) and offensive mechanisms (hydrochloric acid, pepsin, refluxed bile, leukotrienes, reactive oxygen species, Helicobactor pylori infection, ischemia). Traditional medicine using plants have been shown to be successful in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders including peptic ulcer disease (Gadekar et al, 2010). Plant extracts stand out as the most promising substances in the search for new therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer. In this regard, numerous pharmacological agents with known anti-ulcer activity have been isolated from potential plant extracts (Lewis and Hanson, 1991). There is an ample scope of plant extracts available for screening of potential remedy for peptic ulcer disease
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