Abstract
ABSTRACT The process of engineering construction typically impacts the nearby existing buildings, causing either localized or widespread deformation of these structures. The application of deformation monitoring technology enables the timely identification of damage or uneven deformation, thereby facilitating the implementation of appropriate maintenance and repair actions. This paper explores the application of ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GB-SAR) in building facade deformation monitoring. GB-SAR acquires two-dimensional (2D) images and measures deformation along the line of sight (LOS) direction through interference calculation. In order to accurately determine the location of deformation and retrieve the elevation information of image pixels, it is usually required to utilize external three-dimensional (3D) data to reconstruct the 3D coordinate of these pixels, which is known as geocoding, or georeferencing. In the case of the GB-SAR system, it is necessary for the observer to measure the angles between the antenna orientation, the radar movement direction and the reference plane of the local surveying coordinate system. Nevertheless, the measurement of these attitude angles may be overlooked in practice, and the impact of small attitude angles or their measurement errors on GB-SAR geocoding may be disregarded, which directly affects the slant range projection (SRP) calculation of the external 3D data, thereby leading to biased 3D coordinate reconstruction of GB-SAR pixels. This paper proposes a method to calculate the SRP coordinates of point cloud data considering the attitude inclination angles of radar sensor, and perform matching calculations on the high-quality pixels (HQPs) with the point cloud after SRP to extract building facade deformation. The results demonstrate that the method is capable of effectively mitigating the influence of the radar attitude inclination angles, resulting in a reduction of the average deviation of 3D coordinates to approximately one-third of the value without consideration of the sensor’s attitude in a real-world building monitoring experiment.
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