Abstract
While the world continues to grapple with the devastating effects of the SARS-nCoV-2 virus, different scientific groups, including researchers from different parts of the world, are trying to collaborate to discover solutions to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus permanently. Henceforth, the current study envisions the analysis of predictive models that employ machine learning techniques and mathematical modeling to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. A systematic literature review (SLR) has been conducted, wherein a search into different databases, viz., PubMed and IEEE Explore, fetched 1178 records initially. From an initial of 1178 records, only 50 articles were analyzed completely. Around (64%) of the studies employed data-driven mathematical models, whereas only (26%) used machine learning models. Hybrid and ARIMA models constituted about (5%) and (3%) of the selected articles. Various Quality Evaluation Metrics (QEM), including accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, Brier-score, F1-score, RMSE, AUC, and prediction and validation cohort, were used to gauge the effectiveness of the studied models. The study also considered the impact of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca (ChAd0x1), and Moderna (mRNA-1273) on Beta (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) viral variants and the impact of administering booster doses given the evolution of viral variants of the virus.
Highlights
Since the 29th of December, 2019, the epidemic of a new coronavirus broke out starting from China that created havoc and dismay all over the world [1]
The reported results from systematic literature review (SLR) encompass and summarize diverse models and techniques used for analyzing the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19
(10%) and (5%) of the studies focused on testing strategies and vaccine effectiveness, respectively, for COVID-19
Summary
Since the 29th of December, 2019, the epidemic of a new coronavirus broke out starting from China that created havoc and dismay all over the world [1]. Coronavirus belongs to a family of viruses with positive-sense (+) RNA (ribonucleic acid), which have the capability of infecting the host by inducing the host with symptoms of cold and flu in its mild stage and severe respiratory ailments and multiorgan failure in its lethal stage [2]. This virus can infect humans, and several cases of pets getting infected (Figure 1) have been reported in different parts of the world. There is still a concern about the successive waves of
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