Gauge‐Flux‐Induced Anti‐Pt Phase Transitions for Extreme Control of Channel‐Drop Tunneling

Abstract

AbstractParity‐time (PT) and anti‐parity‐time (anti‐PT) symmetries have provided important guiding principles in the research of non‐Hermitian physics. However, realizations of anti‐PT symmetry in photonic systems usually rely on optical nonlinearities and indirect‐coupling approaches. Here, they apply the channel interference principle mediated by synthetic gauge‐flux biasing in open‐cavity systems to construct anti‐PT symmetries. It is shown that a specific π‐flux biasing into a looped‐resonator array can force a frequency degeneracy between pairwise Bloch modes therein. By further coupling the array into two external waveguides with tailored positions of ports, the system near the degeneracy point can be described by an anti‐PT‐symmetric Hamiltonian. When a real gauge‐flux detuning is introduced, the system undergoes a spontaneous transition between anti‐PT and anti‐PT‐broken phases, through which the two extreme cases of complete channel‐drop tunneling and complete tunneling suppression can be switched. Finally, by superimposing a PT‐symmetric term onto the anti‐PT‐symmetric Hamiltonian via applying an imaginary gauge‐flux biasing, extreme channel‐drop amplifying effects can be further realized by exciting the “lasing” mode under the critical‐coupling condition. The work bridges the physical connection between synthetic gauge field and anti‐PT symmetry. This paradigm may also find many applications from optical routing, and switching to buffering and amplifying on a chip–scale platform.