Abstract
Single-molecule methods have been rapidly developing with the appealing prospect of transforming conventional ensemble-averaged analytical techniques. However, challenges remain especially in improving detection sensitivity and controlling molecular transport. In this article, we present a direct method for the fabrication of analytical sensors that combine the advantages of nanopores and field-effect transistors for simultaneous label-free single-molecule detection and manipulation. We show that these hybrid sensors have perfectly aligned nanopores and field-effect transistor components making it possible to detect molecular events with up to near 100% synchronization. Furthermore, we show that the transport across the nanopore can be voltage-gated to switch on/off translocations in real time. Finally, surface functionalization of the gate electrode can also be used to fine tune transport properties enabling more active control over the translocation velocity and capture rates.
Highlights
The development of new analytical methods is currently at the forefront of healthcare research because of the need for improved performance compared to the current state-of-theart
Double-barrel nanopipettes were used with a goldcoated carbon nanoelectrode in one barrel for gating and a hollow barrel for nanopore sensing; see Figure 1
(C) Transmission electron microscopy micrograph showing the deposition of gold at the tip of the nanopipette and around the nanopore. d is the diameter of the nanopore. (D) Both the feedback current in the nanopore and the amount of gold deposited could be monitored in real time. (E)
Summary
The development of new analytical methods is currently at the forefront of healthcare research because of the need for improved performance compared to the current state-of-theart. This is especially true for applications such as early-stage disease diagnosis and treatment.[1,2] To achieve this, different techniques including fluorescence[3−5] and optical[6] and magnetic tweezers[7,8] have been reported with sensitivities reaching the single-molecule limit. Among different label-free techniques, nanopores and fieldeffect transistors (FETs) have emerged as exceptionally promising methods because of their inherent sensitivity and ability for multiplexed detection.[9−13]
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