Abstract
The study was aimed on determining the gas volume from sludge of oxidation ponds for community wastewater treatment and UASB tank of cassava factory for wastewater treatment in which the organic matters of both units were digested through the nature-by-nature process. The amounts of oven- dry weight sludge about 200 g were collected in the light brow glass bottle with 2.5-l capacity. The fermentation of organic matters in sludge is the process to produce gases and being transferred to store in chamber by fluid displacement. The gases from sludge of oxidation pond was occurred on the second day and the maximum on the sixth day with the rate of 70 ml/d and average of 36.02 ml/d (total 360.23 ml for 10 days) while cassava factory sludge found the maximum volume on the first day with the rate of 142.6 ml/d and average of 72.2 ml/d (total 649.97 ml for 9 days). In other words, the oxidation pond sludge can produce gas 1.8 ml/g (oven dry weight) while the cassava factory sludge found gas 3.25 ml/g (oven dry weight). Research results found gases of oxidation pond sludge on the range of methane concentration between 545,686 – 9,560,606 ppm, hydrogen sulfide 55.94 to 360.27 ppm, and ammonia ND to 36.22 ppm, while the cassava factory sludge found methane gas concentration between 729,404 to 9,900,837 ppm, hydrogen sulfide 5,894 to 68,050 ppm, and ammonia ND to 44.15 ppm.
Highlights
There have been approximately 20,000 agro-industrial factories in the whole Kingdom of Thailand, but very high density in the central and the east
Wastewater which came from Petchaburi municipal is continuously transferred by pumping from Klongyang collection pond about 6,000-8,000 m3 per day through the 18.5-km HPDE pipe to the sedimentation pond in order to operate such community wastewater treatment by 5-consecutive oxidation ponds www.ccsenet.org/mas under nature-by-nature processes to produce oxygen supplying in bacterial organic digesting to become inorganic materials as plant nutrients for herbivore fishes consuming
Results and Discussion the depth of oxidation pond is normally ranged between 1.5 - 3.0 m according to neglect the thickness of anaerobic zone as well as facultative bacterial digestion processing in which the bad smelling gases should be diffused through the above the surface
Summary
There have been approximately 20,000 agro-industrial factories in the whole Kingdom of Thailand, but very high density in the central and the east. The dredged sludge can be usable for dumping on swamp land areas, some case for fertilizing croplands because it is supposed to comprise of plant nutrients. It is remarkable to stress that using the sludge from oxidation ponds for land dumping and cropland fertilizing would be probably insecure according to some toxicant contaminations from excess resources and residues from technology, especially community wastewater from bigger cities. Flowing the excess water through communities and cities is normally contaminated with mostly organic wastes that becoming some part of stream pollution (Li et al, 1996). Theoretical point of views, the organic waste in stream water is normally digested by bacteria which needs dissolved oxygen as energy to conduct the processes, H.M. the King of Thailand calls this phenomena as nature-by-nature process. For clear understanding the nature-by-nature process, it has been explained as shown in Figure 1 that the dissolved oxygen in community wastewater is originated from three processes: firstly, photosynthesis of phytoplankton and algae; secondly, thermo-siphon process due to evaporation from surface water that cooling water to have more diffused oxygen and to sink down to the bottom; and thirdly, thermo-osmosis process www.ccsen et.org/mas
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