Abstract
The research on community wastewater treatment through small aquatic-planting and grass-filtration constructed wetland in cooperating with oxidation ponds is aimed to establish demonstration models for eliminating organic contaminants under nature-by-nature process, simple technology and less expenses. There have been 7 small wetlands on 100-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small vertical flow construction wetlands (VFCW), 7 small wetlands on 25-m x 5-m x 0.75-m small VFCW in cooperating with zero discharge, 2 experimental plots of planted mangrove forest and 5-consecutive oxidation ponds plus 3 herbivore fishes per square meter. For research operation, some municipal wastewater were pumped about 0.025-cms flow rate from Phetchaburi collected pond through 18.5-km HPDE pipe with separating receivers: firstly, to small grass and aquatic planted wetlands; secondly, to small constructed wetlands; thirdly, to the planted mangrove forest; and finally to the 5-consecutive ponds in descending order of 20 cm by beginning the depth of 2.6 m at the first pond (sedimentation pond) till 1.8 m at the last pond, In basic principles, an influent has to flow continuously at height of one-third depth below surface of oxidation pond on hydraulic retention time (HRT), then flowing over weir crest about 5 cm. The effluent of each oxidation pond was monthly sampled for analyzing the water quality in order to estimate the efficiency of wastewater treatment. In the same procedures, the effluent from small wetlands as grown by aquatic plants as well as zero discharge had to collect for water quality analysis. The results found the wastewater treatment efficiency above 60 percentages for COD, BOD, and TSS. The usable life of plants for maximum wastewater treatment efficiency were specified at 90 days and 45 days for aquatic plants (Typha angustifolia Linn. and Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.), respectively. It was noticed that small wetland and oxidation pond were suitable for community wastewater treatment and gained benefits from the wastewater treatment system.
Highlights
It has been wondered why various types of obligatory engineering-device installation for wastewater treatment from municipals, industrial factories, hotels and livestock farms but polluted water is still expanded to every river, stream, canal, lake, reservoir and wetland
The better illustration of analyzed data for this study were taken in account with representative climate and wastewater quality will be presented
Due to Typha and Cyperus were planted in the 5-m x 100-m vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) with 35-cm spacing with about 25-cm depth of growing materials, the measurement of height growth was taken in every seven days as shown in Table 1 and Figure 3
Summary
It has been wondered why various types of obligatory engineering-device installation for wastewater treatment from municipals, industrial factories, hotels and livestock farms but polluted water is still expanded to every river, stream, canal, lake, reservoir and wetland. The failure of engineering tools cannot be specified what is the grassroots of problem It might be just installed the wastewater treatment devices but they were ignored to operate because of economizing the capital, no plan for monitoring, directly smuggling wastewater to public water sources and no employment of environmental technologists. The nature-by-nature processes are implied as photosynthesis, thermo-siphon and thermo-osmosis processes for supporting naturally bacterial digestion of organic waste as the contaminants in wastewater from any point sources This could be expected to serve need of the Royal LERD project to take small wetland and oxidation pond for disseminating the know-how on wastewater treatment to the concerned point sources around the country
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