Abstract
BackgroundThe antiprotozoal and antioxidant activities of Viola tricolor and Laurus nobilis have been reported recently. Thus, the existing study pursued to assess the growth inhibition effect of methanolic extract of V. tricolor (MEVT) and acetonic extract of L. nobilis (AELN) against five Babesia parasites and Theileria equi in vitro and in vivo.ResultsMEVT and AELN suppressed Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. divergens, B. caballi, and T. equi growth at half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 75.7 ± 2.6, 43.3 ± 1.8, 67.6 ± 2.8, 48 ± 3.8, 54 ± 2.1 μg/mL, and 86.6 ± 8.2, 33.3 ± 5.1, 62.2 ± 3.3, 34.5 ± 7.5 and 82.2 ± 9.3 μg/mL, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical estimation revealed that both extracts containing multiple bioactive constituents and significant amounts of flavonoids and phenols. The toxicity assay revealed that MEVT and AELN affected the mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3 T3) and Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell viability with half-maximum effective concentrations (EC50) of 930 ± 29.9, 1260 ± 18.9 μg/mL, and 573.7 ± 12.4, 831 ± 19.9 μg/mL, respectively, while human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) cell viability was not influenced even at 1500 μg/mL. The in vivo experiment revealed that the oral administration of MEVT and AELN prohibited B. microti multiplication in mice by 35.1 and 56.1%, respectively.ConclusionsThese analyses indicate the prospects of MEVT and AELN as good candidates for isolating new anti-protozoal compounds which could assist in the development of new drug molecules with new drug targets.
Highlights
The antiprotozoal and antioxidant activities of Viola tricolor and Laurus nobilis have been reported recently
V. tricolor contains 164 cyclotides, a plant cyclopeptide that is distinguished by cyclic cysteine-knot (CCK) motif, which occur naturally in many plants and possess numerous bioactivities including anthelmintic, molluscicidal, insecticidal, antimicrobial, hemolytic, anti-HIV, cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, and trypsin inhibitory activities [13, 17,18,19,20]
Herbal plants V. tricolor flower and L. nobilis leaves were gathered from Delta, North part of Egypt from June 2016 to August 2016 and identified by the members of the Pharmacology and Chemotherapeutics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
Summary
The antiprotozoal and antioxidant activities of Viola tricolor and Laurus nobilis have been reported recently. The existing study pursued to assess the growth inhibition effect of methanolic extract of V. tricolor (MEVT) and acetonic extract of L. nobilis (AELN) against five Babesia parasites and Theileria equi in vitro and in vivo. It is worth noting that, 35 compounds have been previously reported for V. tricolor namely: 17 aliphatics, 8 sesquiterpenes, 4 monoterpenes, and 6 shikimic acid derivatives, in addition to the presence of bisabolol oxide A and B, bisabolene oxide and trans-β-farnesene volatile components [15, 16]. Moon et al [21] studied the antimalarial effect of Viola petroleum ether extracts and its active component epi-oleanolic acid toward Plasmodium falciparum chloroquineresistant FcB1 strain. The Viola extracts showed high growth inhibition against Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma cruzi and P. falciparum with IC50 values of 0.40, 1.86 and 2.76 μg/mL, respectively [5]
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