Abstract
Water hammer is pressure fluctuation caused by sudden increase and decrease in flow velocity. At Papa Flow Station, water hammer occurs in the slop-pump pipeline network that use level controller operating system. The pressure fluctuation caused by water hammer can damage pipeline or shorten the life of the components. This research was conducted using AFT Impulse software to simulate the modeling. The results showed the gas accumulator could reduce the pressure oscillations on check valve to 1.5 oscillations. The gas accumulator installation alone did not have a significant effect on reducing the fluctuation from the highest pressure of 70 psi. Adding a check valve on the tie-in header-downstream of the pump combined with the installation of a gas accumulator can reduce pressure fluctuations from a maximum of 70 psi to 15 psi and the pressure oscillation will stabilize after the second second when the pump trips at 11 psi. Keywords: cavitation, water hammer, pressure oscillation, pressure fluctuation, gas accumulator DOI: 10.7176/JETP/10-5-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2020
Highlights
This study focuses on discussing the water hammer phenomenon due to cavitation
Pump failure may be caused by a power outage or the pump's operating system itself (Level Control System). Such pressure fluctuations can damage pipeline or shorten the life of the components that receive the impact. This has been proven to have occurred in the pipeline installation at the Papa Flowstation slop pump, based on data from the Maintenance team in the April 2019-December 2019 period, replacing 6 check valves due to this water hammer
Installing a gas accumulator from a volume of 10 liters to 100 liters has a significant effect on reducing pressure oscillations only
Summary
Water hammer is a pressure fluctuation caused by a sudden increase and decrease in flow velocity in the pipeline. The pressure energy that occurs is absorbed by the liquid fluid and is absorbed by the pipe wall, resulting in a compression process both longitudinally and tangentially This process travels as a pressure wave and travels at the speed of the sound wave through the water medium in the pipeline. The condition when the valve is fully closed resulting in no fluid that maintains the wave passes through it and a negative pressure (-H) occurs, so the fluid is slowed back to rest This low pressure wave flows towards upstream with “a” velocity causing the fluid to slow down to equilibrium. From this graphic presentation we can analyze the effect of the water hammer, both pressure fluctuation and pressure oscillation
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