Abstract
Indonesia is a country rich in medicinal plant biodiversity. The conservation and sustainable use of such species in Indonesia are critical because of incipient population growth, changing land usage, forest clearance, and climate change in a country where most of the population depends on traditional medicines for their health care and wellbeing. Identifying the conservation gap is crucial for planning the genetic conservation of Indonesian priority medicinal plant species. These are native plants with limited distribution, wild harvested (often to destruction) and/or included on the IUCN Red List, CITES appendices, and national legislation. Ecogeographic data were collated from online database, herbarium specimens and living collections and then subjected to in situ and ex situ gap analysis. The results of this gap analysis support our recommendation that in situ active conservation reserves for priority plants be established in areas of Indonesia with the greatest diversity of species. Medicinal plant species with no occurrence points in Indonesia or less than five seed samples are needed to be surveyed further. Other recommendations for active in situ and ex situ conservation are provided in this article which will help to ensure conservation of medicinal plants in Indonesia.
Highlights
This study aims to analyse current Indonesian priority medicinal plant species diversity and provide recommendations for in situ and ex situ conservation action
67e82 priority species are found per area of 2500 km2 and are mostly found within protected areas (PAs), for example Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Gunung Gede Pangrango Nature Park, and Gunung Mega Mendung Nature Reserve
Medicinal plant species are distributed across all the major islands but there is at least one grid cell that is richer than its surrounding area, apart from Papua
Summary
They are defined as all higher plants that have identified uses for medicinal purposes (Hawkins, 2008; WHO, 2003) arising from the bioactive properties of particular secondary metabolites they contain (de Padua et al, 1999), and have effects relevant to health as drugs, whether their use has been proven clinically or not (Farnsworth and Soejarto, 2001). These plants might be used as food and cosmetic (Astutik et al, 2019) and might be harvested from the wild and cultivation (WHO, 2003). In 2018, medicinal plants and related products’ global export value was estimated at $3.3 billion (Timoshyna et al, 2020)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have