Gamow-Jordan vectors and non-reducible density operators from higher-order S-matrix poles

Abstract

In analogy to Gamow vectors that are obtained from first-order resonance poles of the S-matrix, one can also define higher-order Gamow vectors which are derived from higher-order poles of the S-matrix. An S-matrix pole of r-th order at zR=ER−iΓ/2 leads to r generalized eigenvectors of order k=0,1,…,r−1, which are also Jordan vectors of degree (k+1) with generalized eigenvalue (ER−iΓ/2). The Gamow-Jordan vectors are elements of a generalized complex eigenvector expansion, whose form suggests the definition of a state operator (density matrix) for the microphysical decaying state of this higher-order pole. This microphysical state is a mixture of non-reducible components. In spite of the fact that the k-th order Gamow-Jordan vectors has the polynomial time-dependence which one always associates with higher-order poles, the microphysical state obeys a purely exponential decay law.