Abstract
BackgroundThe ubiquitous gut microbiotas acquired from the environment contribute to host health. The gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates are gradually assembled from the microecological region of the soil ecosystem which they inhabit, but little is known about their characteristics when the hosts are under environmental stress. The rapid development of high-throughput DNA sequencing in the last decade has provided unprecedented insights and opportunities to characterize the gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates. Here, we characterized the core, transient, and rare bacterial taxa in the guts of soil invertebrates using the core index (CI) and developed a new theory of global microbial diversity of soil ecological microregions.ResultsWe found that the Gammaproteobacteria could respond indiscriminately to the exposure to environmental concentrations of soil pollutants and were closely associated with the physiology and function of the host. Meanwhile, machine-learning models based on metadata calculated that Gammaproteobacteria were the core bacteria with the highest colonization potential in the gut, and further identified that they were the best indicator taxon of the response to environmental concentrations of soil pollution. Gammaproteobacteria also closely correlated with the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes.ConclusionsOur results determined that Gammaproteobacteria were an indicator taxon in the guts of the soil invertebrates that responded to environmental concentrations of soil pollutants, thus providing an effective theoretical basis for subsequent assessments of soil ecological risk. The results of the physiological and biochemical analyses of the host and the microbial-community functions, and the antibiotic resistance of Gammaproteobacteria, provide new insights for evaluating global soil ecological health.BJu246xxtPK75ZDJP8hzHkVideo abstract
Highlights
The ubiquitous gut microbiotas acquired from the environment contribute to host health
F. candida motility for the treatments was in the order control > AZ > TOC > AO based on the slopes of the fitted lines (Fig. 1C, D)
We used a microcosm experiment for prediction, and used metadata and machine learning for verification, to identify indicator taxa from the guts of soil invertebrates in response to environmental concentrations of soil pollution and their relationships with the associated gut microbiome and resistome and with characteristics of host physiology and biochemistry
Summary
The ubiquitous gut microbiotas acquired from the environment contribute to host health. The gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates are gradually assembled from the microecological region of the soil ecosystem which they inhabit, but little is known about their characteristics when the hosts are under environmental stress. Recent studies have found that the gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates are important for microbial research and have been associated with the enrichment and dissemination of genes conferring antibiotic resistance [6], the colonization and transfer of pathogens [7], and the potential for the cycling of soil elements [8], thereby expanding the ecological and evolutionary potential of the hosts [9]. The gut tract of soil invertebrates is dominated by transient microbiota [5], depending on time, environmental conditions, nutrient availability, stage of growth and health of the host, and even circadian rhythms [10]. Characterizing the core gut microbiotas of soil invertebrates is challenging
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