Abstract
For a long time, political theorists who deployed game theory have believed that Hobbes's state of nature can be expressed as a Prisoner's dilemma in which war of all against all is a Pareto-inferior outcome of social cooperation. Some recent game theory studies have looked at the state of nature from a perspective of chicken game and assurance game. Assurance game seems to be more precise in explaining how individuals in Hobbes's state of nature overcome the conflict and establish cooperation. In assurance game, cooperation is established by credible signaling that assures other players that everyone is prepared to cooperate. If all players do the same, and they all know it, individuals can achieve a Pareto-superior outcome.
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