Abstract
Exploring and monitoring the underwater world using underwater sensors is drawing a lot of attention these days. In this field cooperation between acoustic sensor nodes has been a critical problem due to the challenging features such as acoustic channel failure (sound signal), long propagation delay of acoustic signal, limited bandwidth and loss of connectivity. There are several proposed methods to improve cooperation between the nodes by incorporating information/game theory in the node’s cooperation. However, there is a need to classify the existing works and demonstrate their performance in addressing the cooperation issue. In this paper, we have conducted a review to investigate various factors affecting cooperation in underwater acoustic sensor networks. We study various cooperation techniques used for underwater acoustic sensor networks from different perspectives, with a concentration on communication reliability, energy consumption, and security and present a taxonomy for underwater cooperation. Moreover, we further review how the game theory can be applied to make the nodes cooperate with each other. We further analyze different cooperative game methods, where their performance on different metrics is compared. Finally, open issues and future research direction in underwater acoustic sensor networks are highlighted.
Highlights
The Earth’s surface is 70% covered by water, where vast amounts of resources lie unexplored.Recent developments in sensor network technologies and emerging underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), have made the development of underwater applications feasible
This review mainly focuses on the game theoretic-based cooperation aspect, providing a thorough investigation on the current literature in cooperative game theory applied to Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) to reveal the most suitable cooperation techniques to ensure reliable cooperation in UASNs
We have considered the cooperation issues in UASNs that would degrade the performance of the network which is mainly attributed by the presence of malicious or misbehaving nodes in the routing vector
Summary
Recent developments in sensor network technologies and emerging underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), have made the development of underwater applications feasible. UASNs comprise sensor nodes capable of sensing, processing and communicating the sensed data to the appropriate destination which are deployed underwater for an effort in backing vast range of applications in collaborative monitoring tasks [2,3]. Many researchers are focusing on how to develop different underwater applications to support the lives of living organisms underwater and even those that are living on the sea floor by the use of collaborative, cooperative and frequent monitoring of underwater environments [4]. The frequent occurrence of disasters such as the Sensors 2018, 18, 425; doi:10.3390/s18020425 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors monitoring of underwater environments [4]. The frequent occurrence of disasters such as sinking of USS ship ship namename missing [5,6], [5,6], the Kursk submarine disaster in Russia [5,6], the recent the sinking of USS missing the Kursk submarine disaster in Russia [5,6], the search recent for survivors of the Argentinian submarine
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