Abstract
Calculous cholecystitis connects to inflammation and various complications. It is a common disease in the paediatric population, yet it is still uncertain how inflammation factors are involved in its morphopathogenesis. Twenty calculous cholecystitis surgery tissue samples were obtained from 20 children. As a control, seven unaffected gallbladders were used. Tissues were immunohistochemically stained for IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17A, and the slides were inspected by light microscopy. To evaluate statistical differences and correlations between interleukins, Mann–Whitney U and Spearman’s tests were used. Statistically significant difference between patient and control gallbladder epithelium was for IL-1α and IL-17A, but connective tissue—IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-17A positive structures. A strong positive correlation in patients was detected between epithelial IL-1α and IL-1α in connective tissue, epithelial IL-6 and IL-7, IL-6 and IL-17A, IL-7 and IL-10, IL-7 and IL-17A, as well as between IL-6 and IL-7, IL-7 and IL-10 in connective tissue. The increase of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17A positive structures suggests their role in the morphopathogenesis of calculous cholecystitis. The correlations between interleukins in epithelium and in connective tissues prove that the epithelial barrier function and inflammatory response in deeper layers are sustained through intercellular signalling pathways.
Highlights
Calculous cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder, that is caused by a long-standing cholelithiasis
It is the adults that are affected by this disease—the prevalence of calculous cholecystitis in children is as high as 1.9% to 4% [2]
IL-1α positive cells were seen in a moderate number in the epithelium of patient samples, while in connective tissue there were only a few to moderate number of positive cells (Figure 2a)
Summary
Calculous cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder, that is caused by a long-standing cholelithiasis. Most of these patients have an asymptomatic presentation and biliary colic develops in 1 to 4% of these patients every year, whereas acute calculous cholecystitis develops in 20% of symptomatic patients [1]. It is the adults that are affected by this disease—the prevalence of calculous cholecystitis in children is as high as 1.9% to 4% [2]. A study that was made by Khoo et al showed that the incidence of cholecystectomy performed on children had been increased by three times in the period from 1997 to 2012 [3]. The main cause for cholelithiasis in children is increasing childhood obesity [2]. Haemolytic disease and hemoglobinopathies are no longer the primary risk factors for developing gallstones, especially in children [4]
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