Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review was to describe the gait pattern in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) by compiling the main findings obtained from studies using three-dimensional capture systems of human movement. The search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) databases. Studies that used three-dimensional gait analysis systems and that analyzed spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, or electromyographic parameters, were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Review Form–Quantitative Studies scale. 12 articles were included with 523 (342 women and 181 men) people with a diagnosis of MS. The present work suggests that people with MS have a decrease in speed and stride length, as well as an increase in double-stance intervals during gait. Likewise, it is common to observe a decrease in hip extension during the stance period, a decrease in knee flexion in the swing period, a decrease in ankle dorsiflexion in the initial contact and a decrease in ankle plantar flexion during the pre-swing phase. The subjects with MS decrease the hip extensor moment and the ankle power during the stance period of walking.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative, and demyelinating disease, and one of the primary causes of disability in young adults in Europe and North America [1,2,3,4,5]
The present review suggests that people with MS have a decrease in speed and stride and step length and an increase in the step width
It is common to observe a decrease in hip extension during the stance period, a decrease in knee flexion in the swing period, a decrease in ankle dorsiflexion in the initial contact and a decrease in ankle plantar flexion during the pre-swing phase
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative, and demyelinating disease, and one of the primary causes of disability in young adults in Europe and North America [1,2,3,4,5]. Gait deficiency is one of the main causes of disability in people with MS, and from the perspective of the patients it is the most challenging symptom [8,9,10]. In this sense, several authors have estimated that 15 years after the diagnosis of the disease, half of the patients will require assistance to walk and 10% will use a wheelchair [11,12]. A typical gait pattern has not been described in MS unlike in other neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease or stroke
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