Abstract
The design of next generation networks in various technologies under the “Anywhere, Anytime” paradigm offers seamless connectivity across different coverage. A conventional algorithm such as RSSThreshold algorithm, that only uses the received strength signal (RSS) as a metric, will decrease handover performance regarding handover latency, delay, packet loss, and handover failure probability. Moreover, the RSS-based algorithm is only suitable for horizontal handover decision to examine the quality of service (QoS) compared to the vertical handover decision in advanced technologies. In the next generation network, vertical handover can be started based on the user’s convenience or choice rather than connectivity reasons. This study proposes a vertical handover decision algorithm that uses a Fuzzy Logic (FL) algorithm, to increase QoS performance in heterogeneous vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). The study uses network simulator 2.29 (NS 2.29) along with the mobility traffic network and generator to implement simulation scenarios and topologies. This helps the simulation to achieve a realistic VANET mobility scenario. The required analysis on the performance of QoS in the vertical handover can thus be conducted. The proposed Fuzzy Logic algorithm shows improvement over the conventional algorithm (RSSThreshold) in the average percentage of handover QoS whereby it achieves 20%, 21% and 13% improvement on handover latency, delay, and packet loss respectively. This is achieved through triggering a process in layer two and three that enhances the handover performance.
Highlights
Users’ demand for mobile Internet access is increasing every day
Media independent handover (MIH) prediction algorithm had four services which included link up (LU), link down (LD), a link going down (LGD), and link coming up (LCU) that determined the events in MIH
Result and Discussion This section discusses the quality of service (QoS) performance of the vertical handover in the vehicular ad-hoc network that used the proposed Fuzzy Logic algorithm. It compares the performance with the RSSThreshold-based algorithm in terms of handover latency, end-to-end delay, and packet loss using the different speeds of the vehicles e.g. 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 km/h
Summary
Users’ demand for mobile Internet access is increasing every day. Several types of radio access technologies are available and implemented with their own properties such as bandwidth, response time and coverage area. The unnecessary handovers and dropped calls occur due to low signal, and the long distance between the device and the AP or Base Station These problems can occur in overlapping areas where mobile users travel quickly back and forth between one cell and the cell in the network. Other issues that cause instability in the link quality in a wireless access network are natural interference, multi-path fading, and increase in signal-to-noise ratio These problems affect the growing users’ demand for entertainment applications such as high-speed Voice-over-IP (VoIP) and Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) services during traveling [3]. Vertical handover is the key for future wireless communication to prepare for advanced technological change from the superseded horizontal handover This is due to the multi-technology integrated network grouping, that offers broadband access to mobile users [4].
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