Abstract

Technologies used in undersea systems have changed radically in the last five years, driven primarily by the emergence of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). EDFAs have enabled long, transoceanic systems to offer significantly higher capacities (5 gigabits per second [Gbits/s] per fiber pair) and much longer lengths in repeaterless systems. The opportunities offered by EDFAs, combined with other technological advances, extend far beyond those used in currently planned systems. This paper describes the new technologies that are expected to play a role in future undersea systems, and the opportunities for applying those technologies.

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