Abstract
Peri-implant diseases are considered to be a chronic destructive inflammatory destruction/damage occurring in soft and hard peri-implant tissues during the patient’s perennial use after implant restoration and have attracted much attention because of their high incidence. Although most studies seem to suggest that the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases is similar to that of periodontal diseases and that both begin with microbial infection, the specific mechanism of peri-implant diseases remains unclear. As an oral opportunistic pathogen, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) has been demonstrated to be vital for the occurrence and development of many oral infectious diseases, especially periodontal diseases. More notably, the latest relevant studies suggest that F. nucleatum may contribute to the occurrence and development of peri-implant diseases. Considering the close connection between peri-implant diseases and periodontal diseases, a summary of the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal diseases may provide more research directions and ideas for the peri-implantation mechanism. In this review, we summarize the effects of F. nucleatum on periodontal diseases by biofilm formation, host infection, and host response, and then we establish the relationship between periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Based on the above aspects, we discuss the importance and potential value of F. nucleatum in peri-implant diseases.
Highlights
Peri-implant diseases, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, occur in the soft and hard peri-implant tissues around implants during long-term usage after implant restoration (Albrektsson et al, 2016; Papathanasiou et al, 2016; Schwarz et al, 2018)
It is widely accepted that during the transition from a healthy state to an inflammatory state, the composition of dental plaque undergoes a series of complex evolutions. Initial colonizers, such as Actinomyces and Streptococci, are the first microorganisms that adhere to the tooth surface, which contribute to the subsequent coaggregation (Sanchez et al, 2011), and late colonizers, such as P. gingivalis and Treponema denticola, are mostly known as periodontal pathogens that bind to previously bound bacteria (Kolenbrander et al, 2010)
F. nucleatum can be detected in both diseases, it is highly probable that the role it plays in the progression of peri-implant disease is different from that in periodontal disease
Summary
Peri-implant diseases, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, occur in the soft and hard peri-implant tissues around implants during long-term usage after implant restoration (Albrektsson et al, 2016; Papathanasiou et al, 2016; Schwarz et al, 2018). The prevalence rate of peri-implant mucositis exceeds 50%, Oral Opportunistic Pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum while peri-implantitis occurs in approximately 20% of implants (Tarnow, 2016; Buser et al, 2017; Ting et al, 2018). Several factors, such as the diagnosis method and statistical sources, may affect the results and lead to some biases, the pathogenesis and treatment strategies for peri-implant diseases are momentous issues that have recently received widespread attention but have not yet been resolved (Ritzer et al, 2017; Smith et al, 2017; Berglundh et al, 2018b). Since periodontal diseases and peri-implant diseases exhibit core similarities and have specific unique characteristics, can the current findings on the association of periodontal disease with F. nucleatum, along with its methodology, be applied to research the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases? In this review, we mainly focus on summarizing the essential mechanism of F. nucleatum in periodontal diseases and discuss the potential value of F. nucleatum in the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases
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