Abstract
The ability to monitor Sprained Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises (SPAREs) in home environments can help therapists ascertain if exercises have been performed as prescribed. Whilst wearable devices have been shown to provide advantages such as high accuracy and precision during monitoring activities, disadvantages such as limited battery life and users’ inability to remember to charge and wear the devices are often the challenges for their usage. In addition, video cameras, which are notable for high frame rates and granularity, are not privacy-friendly. Therefore, this paper proposes the use and fusion of privacy-friendly and Unobtrusive Sensing Solutions (USSs) for data collection and processing during SPAREs in home environments. The present work aims to monitor SPAREs such as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion using radar and thermal sensors. The main contributions of this paper include (i) privacy-friendly monitoring of SPAREs in a home environment, (ii) fusion of SPAREs data from homogeneous and heterogeneous USSs, and (iii) analysis and comparison of results from single, homogeneous, and heterogeneous USSs. Experimental results indicated the advantages of using heterogeneous USSs and data fusion. Cluster-based analysis of data gleaned from the sensors indicated an average classification accuracy of 96.9% with Neural Network, AdaBoost, and Support Vector Machine, amongst others.
Highlights
Developments in sensing technologies have made positive impacts on many applications ranging from aerospace to automotive and healthcare
Data gleaned from the thermal Sensing Solutions (SSs) indicated instances of the four directional Data fromleg, the thermal indicated thedirectional four
This paper presented the use of privacy-friendly Unobtrusive Sensing Solutions (USSs) such as thermal and radar sensors to monitor Sprained Ankle Rehabilitation Exercises (SPAREs) in home environments
Summary
Developments in sensing technologies have made positive impacts on many applications ranging from aerospace to automotive and healthcare. In the medical and health sectors, biosensors are deployed to monitor patient’s physiological conditions in hospital environments. The hospital environment has advantages such as direct supervision by specialists, appointment booking, logistical concerns, and a feeling of discomfort are some of the disadvantages. Several activities and rehabilitation exercises can be monitored outside the hospital settings, such as assisted living and home environments [1]. Whilst the assisted living communities are noted for increased physical activities and socialisation opportunities, the home environment offers a more relaxed and convenient setting for rehabilitation exercises such as spinal cord injury rehabilitation exercises [2], cardio rehabilitation [3], post-stroke rehabilitation exercises [4,5], and Home-Based Ankle Rehabilitation [6].
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