Further studies on the mechanics of the cochlear partition in the mustached bat. II. A second cochlear frequency map derived from acoustic distortion products

Abstract

It has been proposed that acoustic 2 f1− f2 distortions reflect the frequency characteristics of a secondary cochlear filter mechanism (Brown et al., 1992; Allen and Fahey, 1993). This concept was used to construct a second cochlear frequency map that may represent aspects of tectorial membrane (TM) tuning. Within the frequency range of 15–105 kHz, for a given f2 frequency, f1 was varied and the frequency ratio f2 f1 determined that produced maximum levels of the f2− f2 distortion (best ratio). The second cochlear frequency map was derived by plotting the distortion frequency that corresponded to the best ratio f2 f1 against the cochlear place of f2 which was obtained from the HRP-frequency map of Pteronotus (Kössl and Vater, 1985b). Minimum best ratios of 1.0005 and hence practically identical characteristic frequencies of the putative tuning of basilar membrane (HRP) and TM (2 f1− f2) were found at about 45% distance from the base, a point at which 62 kHz are represented on the BM. This frequency is associated with strong cochlear resonance and large evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. Between 45% and 20% distance from the base, the basilar membrane (BM) tuning progressively increases to about 70 kHz whereas the calculated TM tuning remains constant at a frequency close to 62 kHz. The range of constant TM tuning coincides with the sparsely innervated cochlear region of Pteronotus where BM thickness is maximal and TM mass and limbal attachment are reduced Water and Kössl, 1996). We suggest that here the TM oscillates strongly at 62 kHz and may carry most of the energy of cochlear resonance which is transferred into movement of the organ of Corti at and apical to the 45% location where the BM is tuned to 62 kHz.