Abstract
Aspects of BURSTS and Spallation reactions induced by high-energy heavy ions in thick targets (>10 cm thick) will be investigated: BURSTS are reviewed from a historical and phenomenological point-of-view. Details of interactions in nuclear emulsions will be compared for irradiations of 72 GeV 22Ne-ions from Dubna with irradiations of 72 GeV 40Ar-ions from Berkeley. Measured correlations in individual interactions between multiplicities of “minimum ionizing particles”, ns, and “black prongs”, nb, will be shown as “ns-vs.-nb” per event for BURSTS and separately for Spallation in interactions of 72 GeV 22Ne-ions. Monte Carlo calculations, based on the MCNPX 2.7 code, have been carried out for 72 GeV 22Ne interacting in nuclear emulsions: The correlation between ns and nb in Spallation reactions could be understood. However, “ns-vs.-nb” correlations from BURST-interactions could not be reproduced with this model for events with small numbers of heavy prongs nh ≤ 10. For large numbers of heavy prongs with nh > 10 one could find some agreement between experiments and calculations, however, not in all details. Further experimental and theoretical studies are necessary before one has a complete understanding of BURST interactions in high-energy heavy ion reactions.
Highlights
BURST reactions are a major nuclear reaction channel when high-energy projectiles interact with a target
From the fact that the number of low-energy charged particles emitted in a BURST reaction is significantly larger than nb in Spallation reactions one can deduce that there is significantly more energy involved in BURSTS than in Spallation
The same arguments is supported by the finding that in most Spallation reactions a small number of relativistic fragments is emitted (0 ≤ ns ≤ 14) whereas the number of relativistic fragments is BURST reactions in most cases is large
Summary
In a preceding publication [1], some aspects of BURST and Spallation reactions induced by high-energy heavy ions were presented. Relativistic fragments with Z = 1 are observed as shower prongs in the microscope and their number is called “ns” They are due to a complete fragmentation of the projectile or projectile fragment and possibly of part of the target nucleus into shower prongs. One observes some tracks from medium energy protons with 26 MeV < E < 375 MeV, called “grey prongs”; their average number per interaction is ng. In this reaction, both the projectile and target are completely disintegrating into single nucleons plus pions. The open question is: can such a process be of use for mankind in any way?
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