Abstract
One of the most important strategic objectives is to create a sustainable model for the development of the Kazakhstan economy, which is closely linked to the solution of energy saving and energy efficiency in the construction industry. The main principles of the energy efficiency strategy include integrated approach (efficient use of energy at all stages of the facility's life cycle for all types of energy resources, with legal support and organizational and technical control by the state) and systematic approach (the study of the process using general rather than partial approach). The article analyzes key problems and barriers that prevent the successful implementation of energy saving and energy efficiency policies. A significant role in the rational use of energy resources belongs to the regulatory framework. It was revealed that currently existing regulatory and technical documents in the country, unlike similar documents in EU countries, have a number of inaccuracies and disadvantages that do not allow for a full accounting of energy consumption. At present, there is practically no effective methodology for determining the energy efficiency of residential buildings and structures in Kazakhstan. In this regard, a methodology for determining the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, harmonized with EU requirements (taking into account energy consumption for heating, ventilation, high-temperature water supply, cooling and lighting) is currently being developed. The energy efficiency improvement of new, renovated and operated buildings will make it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thus contributing to solving both global environmental problems and energy and environmental security in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Highlights
The problems of energy-efficient construction in the Republic of Kazakhstan are currently very relevant because the generation of a sustainable pattern of the country's economic development without addressing the issues of energy efficiency and energy saving is practically impossible.In terms of energy saving and its effective use, the Republic of Kazakhstan lags far behind the industrialized world, which makes our goods and services non-competitive in the world market due to the high energy component affecting the cost of production
In order to solve this problem, at present, JSC "Kazakh Research and Design Institute of Construction and Architecture" together with its Belarusian colleagues are carrying out the research work No AP05133504 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the topic of "To conduct a study of European experience and develop a methodology to determine the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, harmonized with EU requirements"
The methodology for determining the energy efficiency of buildings and structures, in accordance with the European Commission’s Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), adopted in 2002 and amended in 2010 (2010/31/EU), takes into account the fact that the constructed buildings must comply with the minimum requirements for energy efficiency, with respect to the local climate and resources and with the possibility of using renewable energy sources
Summary
The problems of energy-efficient construction in the Republic of Kazakhstan are currently very relevant because the generation of a sustainable pattern of the country's economic development without addressing the issues of energy efficiency and energy saving is practically impossible. In terms of energy saving and its effective use, the Republic of Kazakhstan lags far behind the industrialized world, which makes our goods and services non-competitive in the world market due to the high energy component affecting the cost of production. Construction and Housing and utility sectors consume approximately 11% of electric energy and more than 40% of thermal sendout, due to which energy saving and energy efficiency become a highly topical issue. The research has shown that in Kazakhstan the required thermal energy in buildings is about 270 kWh/m2 per year, which is significantly higher than average European consumption – 100-129 kWh/m2 per year [1, 2]
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