Abstract
A multi-phase transport (AMPT) model was constructed as a self-contained kinetic theory-based description of relativistic nuclear collisions as it contains four main components: the fluctuating initial condition, a parton cascade, hadronization, and a hadron cascade. Here, we review the main developments after the first public release of the AMPT source code in 2004 and the corresponding publication that described the physics details of the model at that time. We also discuss possible directions for future developments of the AMPT model to better study the properties of the dense matter created in relativistic collisions of small or large systems.
Highlights
In high energy heavy ion collisions [1], a hot and dense matter made of parton degrees of freedom, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), has been expected to be created [2]
A multi-phase transport (AMPT) model was constructed as a self-contained kinetic theory-based description of relativistic nuclear collisions as it contains four main components: the fluctuating initial condition, a parton cascade, hadronization, and a hadron cascade
Its initial condition is based on the Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator (HIJING) twocomponent model [23, 24], minijet partons enter the parton cascade and eventually recombine with their parent strings to hadronize via the Lund string fragmentation [25]
Summary
In high energy heavy ion collisions [1], a hot and dense matter made of parton degrees of freedom, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), has been expected to be created [2]. 2 the main developments of the AMPT model after the first public release of its source code in 2004 [13, 60, 61] They include the addition of deuteron productions, the string melting model that can simultaneously reproduce the yield, transverse momentum spectra and elliptic flow of the bulk matter in heavy ion collisions, the new quark coalescence model, incorporation of the finite nuclear thickness along beam directions, incorporation of modern parton distribution functions of nuclei, improved treatment of heavy quark productions, the introduction of local nuclear scaling of key input parameters to describe the system size dependence, incorporation of PYTHIA8 and nucleon substructure in the initial condition, and benchmark and improvement of the parton cascade algorithm in Sect.
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