Abstract
Utility properties of novel hybrid cement (H-Cement) are influenced by pozzolanic reaction of fly ash, latent hydraulic reaction of metallurgical slag together with the alkali activation of inorganic geopolymer based on precipitated waste water coming from bauxite residues. Content of Portland cement clinker is at maximum of 20 mass %, the remaining portion consists of inorganic geopolymer. Up to 80% of CO2 emissions are saved by H-Cement manufacture compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). No heat treatment or autoclaving is needed at H-Cement production. The field application of H-Cement is performed by the same way than that of common cements listed in EN 197-1, and is also connected with highly efficient recovery and safe disposal of red mud waste. H-Cement is suitable for ready-mixed concretes up to C30/37 strength class and is specified by beneficial shrinkage-reducing property of the concrete kept in long dry-air cure opposite to common cements.
Highlights
RESUMEN: Características básicas de un cemento híbrido industrial: utilización en hormigón premezclado y aplicaciones como reductor de la retracción
Typical mixtures of hybrid binders are composed of Portland cement clinker, usually less than 30 of mass % with fly ash activated by Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 [11]; metakaolin and clinker activated by Na2SO4 [12]; blast furnace slag, metakaolin and clinker activated by Na2CO3 and K2CO3 [13]; the mixture of fly ash, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Ca(OH)2 activated by a calcined mixture of kaolin with NaOH or KOH [14]
The following conclusions are applicable to the particular test cements and test methods employed: 1.) H-Cement is suitable for the production of ready-mixed concrete compressive strength classes up to C30/37
Summary
The novel hybrid cement (H-Cement) is composed of fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and the highly alkaline waste water concentrate from red mud deposit as well as 20 mass % of Portland cement clinker. The total amount of crystalline phases coming from clinker minerals in H-Cement is 20.0 mass %. The total content of crystalline phases of OPC clinker minerals is 91.34 mass % opposite to that of H-Cement showing only 20 mass % occurrence of crystalline phases of
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