Abstract
A gradual downdrift of fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity (IL) during speech utterances has been observed in almost all languages. Because both F0 and IL are related to subglottal pressure (Psg) and because Psg is supposed to decrease as the air supply in the lungs decreases, it has been hypothesized that this downdrift, usually called declination, is a passive process. In utterances where declination is absent, like in some types of questions, active countermeasures would then be necessary. In this research, Psg, airflow, electroglottogram, speech signal, and EMG activity of the cricothyroid, sternohyoid, and vocalis muscles have been recorded, while linguistically naive subjects sustained vowels on a fixed F0 and IL and produced a number of sentences with different intonation patterns. Results indicate that there is no direct relation between air supply in the lungs and Psg, and that Psg, F0, and IL can be kept on a desired level without active involvement of the muscle systems that control intona...
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